Reinaerde, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Disabil Rehabil. 2020 Sep;42(18):2542-2552. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1573932. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Low levels of physical fitness are associated with low physical and mental health. The aims of this study were to assess the health-related physical fitness of children with intellectual disability (ID), and study the association of physical activity and motor development with physical fitness. One hundred and twenty-eight children with moderate to severe ID (83 boys; age 2-18 years) visiting specialised day programme centres engaged in field-based physical fitness tests (body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness). Scores were compared to reference values, and with linear regression analysis the association between the fitness outcomes and physical activity and motor development was studied. High rates of overweight (23-25%) and obesity (10-15%) were found. A majority of the participants (71-91%) scored below reference values for muscular strength, endurance, and cardiorespiratory fitness tests. Physical activity and motor development were positively associated with scores on several fitness test ( = 0.27-0.44; < 0.05). Children with moderate to severe ID visiting specialised day programme centres have strikingly low physical fitness levels. Policies and interventions to increase the physical fitness for this specific group of children are urgently needed, in which increasing physical activity and motor skills are expected to be effective components.Implications for rehabilitationStrikingly low levels of physical fitness were seen in children and adolescents with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities.This vulnerable group is in need of appropriate interventions to increase their physical fitness levels.Increasing the physical activity is a potential component in these interventions.Improving motor development will most likely lead to improved physical fitness as well.
身体活动水平低与身心健康水平低有关。本研究旨在评估智障儿童的与健康相关的身体体能，并研究身体活动和运动发育与身体体能的关系。128 名患有中度至重度智障（83 名男孩；年龄 2-18 岁）的儿童在专门的日间中心参加了基于现场的身体体能测试（身体成分、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力和心肺健康）。将得分与参考值进行比较，并通过线性回归分析，研究了身体体能结果与身体活动和运动发育之间的关系。超重（23-25%）和肥胖（10-15%）的发生率很高。大多数参与者（71-91%）在肌肉力量、耐力和心肺健康测试中得分低于参考值。身体活动和运动发育与多项体能测试的得分呈正相关（ = 0.27-0.44； < 0.05）。在专门的日间中心接受治疗的中度至重度智障儿童的身体体能水平明显较低。迫切需要制定针对这一特定群体儿童的提高身体体能的政策和干预措施，预计增加身体活动和运动技能将是有效的组成部分。康复意义中度至重度智力残疾儿童的身体体能水平明显较低。这个弱势群体需要适当的干预措施来提高他们的身体体能水平。增加身体活动是这些干预措施的一个潜在组成部分。改善运动发育很可能也会提高身体体能。
