Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw,, Poland.
Exp Dermatol. 2020 Mar;29(3):286-294. doi: 10.1111/exd.13935. Epub 2019 May 15.
The skin surface microbiome and its role in skin diseases have received increasing attention over the past years. Beyond, there is evidence for a continuous exchange with the cutaneous immune system in healthy skin, where hair follicles (HFs) provide unique anatomical niches. Especially, scalp HFs form large tubular invaginations, which extend deeply into the skin and harbour a variety of microorganisms. The distinct immunology of HFs with enhanced immune cell trafficking in superficial compartments in juxtaposition to immune-privileged sites crucial for hair follicle cycling and regeneration makes this organ a highly susceptible structure. Depending on composition and penetration depth, microbiota may cause typical infections, but may also contribute to pro-inflammatory environment in chronic inflammatory scalp diseases. Involvement in hair cycle regulation and immune cell maturation has been postulated. Herein, we review recent insights in hair follicle microbiome, immunology and penetration research and discuss clinical implications for scalp health and disease.
近年来，皮肤表面微生物组及其在皮肤疾病中的作用受到越来越多的关注。此外，有证据表明，在健康的皮肤中，它与皮肤免疫系统不断进行着物质交换，而毛囊（HFs）提供了独特的解剖学小生境。特别是头皮 HFs 形成大的管状内陷，这些内陷深入皮肤并容纳各种微生物。HFs 的独特免疫学特征，即浅层隔室中免疫细胞的迁移增强，与对毛囊周期和再生至关重要的免疫特惠部位相邻，这使得该器官成为高度敏感的结构。根据组成和渗透深度，微生物群可能会导致典型的感染，但也可能导致慢性炎症性头皮疾病中的促炎环境。人们推测它参与了毛发周期的调节和免疫细胞的成熟。本文综述了最近关于毛囊微生物组、免疫学和渗透研究的新见解，并讨论了其对头皮健康和疾病的临床意义。
