Wang Shengzhi, Bolling Khalisa, Mao Wenlin, Reichstadt Jennifer, Jeste Dilip, Kim Ho-Cheol, Nebeker Camille
The Design Lab, Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2019 Apr 10;7(2):60. doi: 10.3390/healthcare7020060.
The U.S. population over 65 years of age is increasing. Most older adults prefer to age in place, and technologies, including Internet of things (IoT), Ambient/Active Assisted Living (AAL) robots and other artificial intelligence (AI), can support independent living. However, a top-down design process creates mismatches between technologies and older adults' needs. A user-centered design approach was used to identify older adults' perspectives regarding AAL and AI technologies and gauge interest in participating in a co-design process. A survey was used to obtain demographic characteristics and assess privacy perspectives. A convenience sample of 31 retirement community residents participated in one of two 90-min focus group sessions. The semi-structured group interview solicited barriers and facilitators to technology adoption, privacy attitudes, and interest in project co-design participation to inform technology development. Focus group sessions were audiotaped and professionally transcribed. Transcripts were reviewed and coded to identify themes and patterns. Descriptive statistics were applied to the quantitative data. Identified barriers to technology use included low technology literacy, including lack of familiarity with terminology, and physical challenges, which can make adoption difficult. Facilitators included an eagerness to learn, interest in co-design, and a desire to understand and control their data. Most participants identified as privacy pragmatics and fundamentalists, indicating that privacy is important to older adults. At the same time, they also reported a willingness to contribute to the design of technologies that would facilitate aging independently. There is a need to increase technology literacy of older adults along with aging literacy of technologists.
美国65岁以上的人口正在增加。大多数老年人更喜欢居家养老，而包括物联网（IoT）、环境/主动辅助生活（AAL）机器人和其他人工智能（AI）在内的技术可以支持独立生活。然而，自上而下的设计过程导致技术与老年人需求之间存在不匹配。采用以用户为中心的设计方法来确定老年人对AAL和AI技术的看法，并评估他们参与协同设计过程的兴趣。通过一项调查来获取人口统计学特征并评估隐私观念。一个由31名退休社区居民组成的便利样本参加了两个90分钟焦点小组会议中的一个。半结构化小组访谈征求了技术采用的障碍和促进因素、隐私态度以及对项目协同设计参与的兴趣，以为技术开发提供信息。焦点小组会议进行了录音并由专业人员转录。对转录本进行了审查和编码，以确定主题和模式。对定量数据应用了描述性统计。确定的技术使用障碍包括技术素养低，包括对术语不熟悉，以及身体上的挑战，这可能使采用变得困难。促进因素包括学习的热情、对协同设计的兴趣以及理解和控制自己数据的愿望。大多数参与者被认定为隐私实用主义者和原教旨主义者，这表明隐私对老年人很重要。与此同时，他们还表示愿意为有助于独立养老的技术设计做出贡献。有必要提高老年人的技术素养以及技术人员的老龄素养。
