Hirjak Dusan, Gass Peter, Deuschle Michael, Leweke F Markus, Böhringer Andreas, Schenkel Nadine, Borgwedel Doris, Heser Marco, Breisacher Antje, Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australien.
Nervenarzt. 2020 Mar;91(3):233-242. doi: 10.1007/s00115-019-0711-9.
The treatment of psychotic disorders and illnesses is a challenge for therapists and institutions due to the heterogeneity of the cause and course, refractory symptoms, lack of therapy adherence and high rates of relapse. These circumstances can be effectively counteracted by the flexibility of therapeutic approaches and settings. A useful but rarely used concept is the treatment of psychoses within the so-called track unit. A track unit is defined as a syndrome-oriented, decentralized, modular unit, adjusted to the patient's individual stage-specific needs across both inpatient and outpatient sectors. The track concept offers a fully integrated sector-spanning model of treatment at all stages of psychotic illnesses as well as a continuity of treatment. Another important goal is the early availability of timely treatment for as many psychotic patients as possible so that the symptoms can be alleviated as soon as possible and the quality of life can be sustainably improved or preserved. The track concept not only improves the current situation of treatment for acutely or chronically psychotic patients but also represents a necessary investment in the future. This treatment model aims to ensure that the good but complex and costly treatment options are available to patients even if inpatient treatment is not favored by the patient.
由于病因和病程的异质性、难治性症状、缺乏治疗依从性以及高复发率，精神障碍和疾病的治疗对治疗师和机构来说是一项挑战。治疗方法和环境的灵活性可以有效应对这些情况。一个有用但很少使用的概念是在所谓的追踪单元内治疗精神病。追踪单元被定义为一个以综合征为导向、分散式、模块化的单元，根据患者在住院和门诊阶段的个体特定需求进行调整。追踪概念提供了一个在精神病性疾病所有阶段完全整合的跨部门治疗模式以及治疗的连续性。另一个重要目标是尽早为尽可能多的精神病患者提供及时治疗，以便症状能够尽快得到缓解，生活质量能够得到可持续改善或维持。追踪概念不仅改善了急性或慢性精神病患者的当前治疗状况，也是对未来的一项必要投资。这种治疗模式旨在确保即使患者不倾向于住院治疗，也能为他们提供良好但复杂且成本高昂的治疗选择。
