Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
Biotechnol J. 2019 Jul;14(7):e1900022. doi: 10.1002/biot.201900022. Epub 2019 May 17.
The current status of skin tissue equivalents that have emerged as relevant tools in commercial and therapeutic product development applications is reviewed. Due to the rise of animal welfare concerns, numerous companies have designed skin model alternatives to assess the efficacy of pharmaceutical, skincare, and cosmetic products in an in vitro setting, decreasing the dependency on such methods. Skin models have also made an impact in determining the root causes of skin diseases. When designing a skin model, there are various chemical and physical considerations that need to be considered to produce a biomimetic design. This includes designing a structure that mimics the structural characteristics and mechanical strength needed for tribological property measurement and toxicological testing. Recently, various commercial products have made significant progress towards achieving a native skin alternative. Further research involve the development of a functional bilayered model that mimics the constituent properties of the native epidermis and dermis. In this article, the skin models are divided into three categories: in vitro epidermal skin equivalents, in vitro full-thickness skin equivalents, and clinical skin equivalents. A description of skin model characteristics, testing methods, applications, and potential improvements is presented.
本文综述了作为商业和治疗产品开发应用中相关工具的皮肤组织等效物的现状。由于动物福利问题的出现，许多公司设计了皮肤模型替代品，以在体外环境中评估药物、皮肤护理和化妆品产品的功效，减少了对这些方法的依赖。皮肤模型在确定皮肤病的根本原因方面也产生了影响。在设计皮肤模型时，需要考虑各种化学和物理因素，以产生仿生设计。这包括设计一个结构，模拟用于摩擦学性能测量和毒理学测试的结构特征和机械强度。最近，各种商业产品在实现天然皮肤替代品方面取得了重大进展。进一步的研究涉及开发模仿天然表皮和真皮组成特性的功能性双层模型。本文将皮肤模型分为三类：体外表皮皮肤等效物、体外全厚度皮肤等效物和临床皮肤等效物。介绍了皮肤模型的特征、测试方法、应用和潜在的改进。
