Host Defense Modulation Lab, College of Pharmacy Chung-Ang Univ., Heukseok-ro 84, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dankook Univ., Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
J Food Sci. 2019 Apr;84(4):920-930. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14490.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control the reactivity of other T cells to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. They also plays a role in preventing autoimmune diseases; but when they are overproduced, they decreased vital immunity, which can lead to invasion of external pathogens. Therefore, it is most important in preventing the development of immune diseases to maintain the homeostasis of these cells. Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanidin and known to have anti-oxidant activities. However, its structure is very unstable and easily decomposed. One of these degradation products is gallic acid, which also has anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we examined the effect of these materials on Tregs in controlling immune response. It was found that these materials further promote differentiation into Tregs, and TGF-β and IL-2 related signals are involved in this process. Furthermore, it was verified that a variety of immunosuppressive proteins were secreted more, and the function of induced Tregs was also increased. Finally, in the allograft model, we could find a decrease in activated T cells when these materials were treated because they increased differentiation into Tregs. Therefore, these two materials are expected to become new candidates for the treatment of diseases caused by excessive activation of immune cells, such as autoimmune diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Delphinidin, a kind of anthocyanin rich in pigmented fruits, and its hydrolytic metabolite, gallic acid, are known to have antimicrobial and anti-oxidant properties. In this experiment, it was shown that delphinidin and gallic acid had an effect of increasing the differentiation of regulatory T cells, and the effect of suppressing the function of memory T cells was also observed. Due to these functions, delphinidin and gallic acid might have the potential to be used as immune suppressive agents in organ transplant and autoimmune disease patients or be a model for food development associated with the immune system.
调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）控制其他 T 细胞的反应性，以防止过度的炎症反应。它们在预防自身免疫性疾病方面也发挥作用；但是，当它们过度产生时，会降低重要的免疫力，从而导致外部病原体的入侵。因此，维持这些细胞的内稳性对于预防免疫性疾病的发展最为重要。氯化飞燕草素是一种花色苷，已知具有抗氧化活性。然而，其结构非常不稳定，容易分解。这些降解产物之一是没食子酸，它也具有抗氧化作用。在这项研究中，我们研究了这些物质对控制免疫反应的 Tregs 的影响。结果发现，这些物质进一步促进了 Tregs 的分化，并且涉及 TGF-β 和 IL-2 相关信号。此外，还验证了诱导的 Tregs 分泌更多的各种免疫抑制蛋白，并且其功能也增强了。最后，在同种异体移植模型中，当用这些物质处理时，我们可以发现激活的 T 细胞减少，因为它们增加了向 Tregs 的分化。因此，这两种物质有望成为治疗由于免疫细胞过度激活而引起的疾病（例如自身免疫性疾病）的新候选药物。实际应用：飞燕草素是一种富含色素水果的花色苷，其水解代谢产物没食子酸具有抗菌和抗氧化特性。在本实验中，表明飞燕草素和没食子酸具有增加调节性 T 细胞分化的作用，并且还观察到抑制记忆 T 细胞功能的作用。由于这些功能，飞燕草素和没食子酸可能具有作为器官移植和自身免疫性疾病患者的免疫抑制剂的潜力，或者成为与免疫系统相关的食品开发的模型。
