NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Exp Gerontol. 2019 Jul 1;121:71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
Although resistance type exercise training (RT) effectively increases muscle mass and strength in older individuals, it remains unclear whether gains in muscle mass and strength are maintained without continued supervised training. We assessed the capacity of older individuals to maintain muscle mass and strength gains one year after partaking in a successful RT program.
Fifty-three healthy older adults performed a 24-wk supervised RT program. Upon the cessation of the training program, participants were not provided with any advice or incentives to continue exercise training. One year after completion of the training program, all participants were contacted and invited back to the laboratory to assess anthropometrics, body composition (DXA), quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (CT-scan), muscle strength (1RM knee extension/leg press), and muscle fiber characteristics (muscle biopsy). Following primary analyses on all participants that responded to the invitation (n = 35), participants were divided into two groups: individuals who had continued to perform exercise training on an individual basis (EXER group; n = 16) and individuals who had not continued to perform any regular exercise (STOP group; n = 19) after completing the RT program.
The initial increases in quadriceps CSA (+506 ± 209 and +584 ± 287 mm) and knee extension strength (+32 ± 12 vs +34 ± 10 kg) after the 24-wk RT program did not differ between the STOP and EXER group (all P > 0.05). One year after discontinuation of the RT program, participants had lost muscle mass (P < 0.01), with a greater decline in quadriceps CSA in the STOP vs EXER group (-579 ± 268 vs -309 ± 253 mm, respectively; P < 0.05). Muscle strength had decreased significantly compared to values after completing the RT program (P < 0.01), with no differences observed between the STOP vs EXER group (knee extension: -21 ± 8 vs -18 ± 8 kg, respectively; P > 0.05), yet remained higher compared with values before the RT program (P < 0.05).
Though prolonged RT can effectively increase muscle mass and strength in the older population, muscle mass gains are lost and muscle strength gains are only partly preserved within one year if the supervised exercise program is not continued.
尽管抗阻运动训练（RT）能有效增加老年人的肌肉质量和力量，但在停止监督训练后，肌肉质量和力量的增加是否能持续仍不清楚。我们评估了老年人在参加成功的 RT 计划一年后维持肌肉质量和力量增加的能力。
53 名健康的老年人进行了 24 周的监督 RT 计划。在训练计划结束后，不向参与者提供任何继续运动训练的建议或激励。在训练计划完成一年后，所有参与者均被联系并邀请回到实验室，以评估人体测量学、身体成分（DXA）、股四头肌横截面积（CSA）（CT 扫描）、肌肉力量（1RM 膝关节伸展/腿举）和肌肉纤维特征（肌肉活检）。在所有对邀请做出回应的参与者（n=35）进行了主要分析后，参与者被分为两组：继续个人进行运动训练的个体（EXER 组；n=16）和完成 RT 计划后不再进行任何常规运动的个体（STOP 组；n=19）。
在 24 周的 RT 计划后，股四头肌 CSA 的初始增加（+506±209 和 +584±287mm）和膝关节伸展力量的初始增加（+32±12 与 +34±10kg）在 STOP 和 EXER 组之间没有差异（均 P>0.05）。在 RT 计划停止一年后，参与者失去了肌肉质量（P<0.01），在 STOP 组与 EXER 组中，股四头肌 CSA 的下降更为明显（-579±268 与 -309±253mm，分别；P<0.05）。与完成 RT 计划后的数值相比，肌肉力量显著下降（P<0.01），在 STOP 组与 EXER 组之间没有差异（膝关节伸展：-21±8 与 -18±8kg，分别；P>0.05），但仍高于 RT 计划前的数值（P<0.05）。
尽管长期 RT 可以有效地增加老年人的肌肉质量和力量，但如果不继续进行监督运动计划，肌肉质量的增加会丢失，肌肉力量的增加只能部分保留在一年内。
