Vincenty Caroline S, Yoon Gilhyeon, Rogers Kaitlyn, Naruse Masatoshi, Trappe Scott, Trappe Todd A
Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2025 Jul 1;139(1):58-69. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00892.2024. Epub 2025 May 22.
Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy is a muscle group-specific process. Therefore, we were interested in understanding exercise-induced hypertrophy across different muscles in older individuals. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the available information on muscle-specific hypertrophy responses to exercise training with aging (≥60 yr). In total, 6,018 peer-reviewed publications were reviewed for inclusion [e.g., supervised resistance (RE) or aerobic (AE) exercise training; MRI, CT, or ultrasound-determined muscle size], resulting in 1,417 individuals from 68 studies (RE: = 1,254; AE: = 163). Data were divided across age (60-69, 70-79, 80-89, and ≥90 yr) and duration (≤9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, and ≥25 wk), with the majority coming from the sexa- and septuagenarians ( = 1,335, 94%) and 10-14 wk of training ( = 806, 57%). The number of muscle groups (RE: 7, AE: 8) and subcomponent muscles (RE: 10, AE: 16) was a low representation of the whole body musculature, with 79% of the data ( = 1,113) coming from the quadriceps. The 10-14 wk responses showed a range of unique muscle-specific hypertrophy and atrophy (RE: 60-69 yr: 2%-14% across 6 muscles; 70-79 yr: 1%-12% across 9 muscles; AE: 70-79 yr: -6% to +9% across 22 muscles). The large quadriceps-only resistance exercise training dataset (60-79 yr) showed that no additional hypertrophy was observed with increased training repetitions (i.e., dose) and that men and women elicited an equivalent hypertrophic training response. The optimal exercise training mode(s) and dose(s) for all of the skeletal muscles of sexa-, septa-, octo-, and nonagenarian women and men are far from being elucidated based on the current scientific literature.
与年龄相关的骨骼肌萎缩是一个特定肌肉群的过程。因此，我们有兴趣了解老年人不同肌肉的运动诱导肥大情况。本综述全面总结了关于衰老（≥60岁）时运动训练对特定肌肉肥大反应的现有信息。总共对6018篇同行评审出版物进行了纳入审查[例如，监督下的阻力（RE）或有氧运动（AE）训练；MRI、CT或超声测定的肌肉大小]，结果来自68项研究的1417名个体（RE：=1254；AE：=163）。数据按年龄（60 - 69岁、70 - 79岁、80 - 89岁和≥90岁）和持续时间（≤9周、10 - 14周、15 - 19周、20 - 24周和≥25周）划分，大多数数据来自六七十岁的人（=1335，94%）和10 - 14周的训练（=806，57%）。肌肉群数量（RE：7个，AE：8个）和亚成分肌肉数量（RE：10个，AE：16个）在全身肌肉组织中占比很低，79%的数据（=1113）来自股四头肌。10 - 14周的反应显示出一系列独特的特定肌肉肥大和萎缩情况（RE：60 - 69岁：6块肌肉中为2% - 14%；70 - 79岁：9块肌肉中为1% - 12%；AE：70 - 79岁：22块肌肉中为 - 6%至 + 9%）。仅针对股四头肌的大型阻力运动训练数据集（60 - 79岁）表明，随着训练重复次数（即剂量）增加未观察到额外的肥大，并且男性和女性引发的肥大训练反应相当。基于当前科学文献，六七十岁、八九十岁男性和女性所有骨骼肌的最佳运动训练模式和剂量远未阐明。
