Becker Maria, Guzzinati Giulio, Béché Armand, Verbeeck Johan, Batelaan Herman
Department of Physics, Hastings College-Morrison-Reeves Science Center, Hastings, NE, 68901, USA.
EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
Nat Commun. 2019 Apr 12;10(1):1700. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09609-9.
Decades ago, Aharonov and Bohm showed that electrons are affected by electromagnetic potentials in the absence of forces due to fields. Zeilinger's theorem describes this absence of classical force in quantum terms as the "dispersionless" nature of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Shelankov predicted the presence of a quantum "force" for the same Aharonov-Bohm physical system as elucidated by Berry. Here, we report an experiment designed to test Shelankov's prediction and we provide a theoretical analysis that is intended to elucidate the relation between Shelankov's prediction and Zeilinger's theorem. The experiment consists of the Aharonov-Bohm physical system; free electrons pass a magnetized nanorod and far-field electron diffraction is observed. The diffraction pattern is asymmetric confirming one of Shelankov's predictions and giving indirect experimental evidence for the presence of a quantum "force". Our theoretical analysis shows that Zeilinger's theorem and Shelankov's result are both special cases of one theorem.
几十年前，阿哈罗诺夫和玻姆表明，在没有场力的情况下，电子会受到电磁势的影响。蔡林格定理用量子术语将这种经典力的缺失描述为阿哈罗诺夫 - 玻姆效应的“无弥散”性质。谢兰科夫预测，对于贝里所阐明的同一个阿哈罗诺夫 - 玻姆物理系统，存在一种量子“力”。在此，我们报告一项旨在检验谢兰科夫预测的实验，并提供一种理论分析，旨在阐明谢兰科夫预测与蔡林格定理之间的关系。该实验由阿哈罗诺夫 - 玻姆物理系统组成；自由电子穿过磁化的纳米棒，并观察到远场电子衍射。衍射图案是不对称的，这证实了谢兰科夫的一个预测，并为量子“力”的存在提供了间接实验证据。我们的理论分析表明，蔡林格定理和谢兰科夫的结果都是一个定理的特殊情况。
