Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
Pathog Dis. 2019 Mar 1;77(2). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftz021.
The quasispecies dynamics of viral populations (continuous generation of variant genomes and competition among them) has as one of its frequent consequences variations in overall multiplication capacity, a major component of viral fitness. This parameter has multiple implications for viral pathogenesis and viral disease control, some of them unveiled thanks to deep sequencing of viral populations. Darwinian fitness is an old concept whose quantification dates back to the early developments of population genetics. It was later applied to viruses (mainly to RNA viruses) to quantify relative multiplication capacities of individual mutant clones or complex populations. The present article reviews the fitness concept and its relevance for the understanding of the adaptive dynamics of viruses in constant and changing environments. Many studies have addressed the fitness cost of escape mutations (to antibodies, cytotoxic T cells or inhibitors) as an influence on the efficacy of antiviral interventions. Here, we summarize the evidence that the basal fitness level can be a determinant of inhibitor resistance.
病毒群体的准种动态（变体基因组的连续产生和它们之间的竞争）经常导致整体繁殖能力的变化，这是病毒适应性的主要组成部分。该参数对病毒发病机制和病毒病控制具有多种影响，其中一些是通过对病毒群体的深度测序揭示的。达尔文适合度是一个古老的概念，其量化可以追溯到群体遗传学的早期发展。后来，该概念被应用于病毒（主要是 RNA 病毒），以量化单个突变克隆或复杂群体的相对繁殖能力。本文综述了适合度概念及其对理解病毒在恒定和变化环境中的适应性动态的相关性。许多研究都探讨了逃逸突变（针对抗体、细胞毒性 T 细胞或抑制剂）的适合度代价对抗病毒干预措施效果的影响。在这里，我们总结了证据表明，基础适合度水平可能是抑制剂耐药性的决定因素。
