US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Oct;2(5):538-45. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Sep 15.
Viral fitness is an active area of research, with recent work involving an expanded number of human, non-human vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, and bacterial viruses. Many publications deal with RNA viruses associated with major disease emergence events, such as HIV-1, influenza virus, and Dengue virus. Study topics include drug resistance, immune escape, viral emergence, host jumps, mutation effects, quasispecies diversity, and mathematical models of viral fitness. Important recent trends include increasing use of in vivo systems to assess vertebrate virus fitness, and a broadening of research beyond replicative fitness to also investigate transmission fitness and epidemiologic fitness. This is essential for a more integrated understanding of overall viral fitness, with implications for disease management in the future.
病毒适应性是一个活跃的研究领域，最近的工作涉及到越来越多的人类、非人类脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物和细菌病毒。许多出版物涉及与重大疾病出现事件相关的 RNA 病毒，如 HIV-1、流感病毒和登革热病毒。研究课题包括耐药性、免疫逃避、病毒出现、宿主跳跃、突变效应、准种多样性以及病毒适应性的数学模型。最近的重要趋势包括越来越多地使用体内系统来评估脊椎动物病毒适应性，以及将研究范围从复制适应性扩展到还包括传播适应性和流行病学适应性。这对于更全面地理解病毒适应性至关重要，对未来的疾病管理具有重要意义。
