Wang X D, Yang X, Xu H B, Cao P, Gao P, Liang J
Division of Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2019 Apr 6;53(4):394-397. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2019.04.012.
To evaluate the dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) from cereals and health risk in Chinese residents in different regions. The data of DON concentration in cereals was derived from the national food safety risk surveillance from 2010 to 2017, with 15 422 samples of cereals included. China was roughly divided into north part and south part, along with the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River line. Sample size of each type of cereals, i.e. wheat flour, maize meal, oats and rice was 4 948, 696, 626, 1 006 in the north, while 5 648, 1 068, 266, 1 164 in the south. The data of cereals consumption was derived from China National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002 and 68 335 respondents aged 3 and above, with 34 234 from the north and 34 101 from the south, were included. Simple distribution model was applied for calculation and comparison of the dietary exposure to DON from cereals in northern and southern residents based on individual consumption of cereals, body weight and average DON concentration in each type of cereals. Average DON concentration in wheat flour, maize meal, oats, and rice sampled in northern China were 235.4, 121.6, 7.0 and 4.6 μg/kg, respectively, while 239.1, 124.3, 29.0 and 15.5 μg/kg in cereals sampled in southern China. The average DON exposure from cereals in surveyed Chinese inhabitants was 0.78 μg/(kg·d). Among them, the DON exposure of northern residents was higher than that of southern residents (0.001), and the average exposures were 1.15 and 0.41 μg/(kg·d), respectively. A total of 49.2% of northern residents exceeded provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for DON exposure from cereals, which was much higher than that of southern residents (8.6%) (0.001). Wheat-based food products were the main source of DON exposure, with a contribution rate of 96.5% in the north and 68.3% in the south. Average DON exposure was the highest in the 3-6 years [2.12 μg/(kg·d) for children in north and 0.73 μg/(kg·d) in south]. Exposure to DON from cereals in northern residents of China was considerably high, with a certain health risk. Northern children aged 3 to 6 exposed even more DON and needed significant attention.
评估中国不同地区居民谷类食品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的膳食暴露水平及健康风险。谷类食品中DON浓度数据来源于2010 - 2017年国家食品安全风险监测，共纳入15422份谷类食品样本。中国大致以秦岭 - 淮河线为界分为北部和南部。北部各类谷类食品（即小麦粉、玉米粉、燕麦和大米）的样本量分别为4948、696、626、1006份，南部则分别为5648、1068、266、1164份。谷类食品消费量数据来源于2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查，纳入68335名3岁及以上的受访者，其中北部34234人，南部34101人。基于个体谷类食品消费量、体重以及各类谷类食品中DON的平均浓度，应用简单分布模型计算并比较南北居民谷类食品中DON的膳食暴露水平。中国北方采集的小麦粉、玉米粉、燕麦和大米中DON的平均浓度分别为235.4、121.6、7.0和4.6μg/kg，而南方采集的谷类食品中分别为239.1、124.3、29.0和15.5μg/kg。中国被调查居民谷类食品中DON的平均暴露量为0.78μg/（kg·d）。其中，北方居民的DON暴露量高于南方居民（P<0.001），平均暴露量分别为1.15和0.41μg/（kg·d）。北方居民中共有49.2%的人谷类食品DON暴露量超过了暂定每日最大耐受摄入量，远高于南方居民（8.6%）（P<0.001）。以小麦为基础的食品是DON暴露的主要来源，在北方贡献率为96.5%，在南方为68.3%。3 - 6岁儿童的平均DON暴露量最高（北方儿童为2.12μg/（kg·d），南方为0.73μg/（kg·d））。中国北方居民谷类食品中DON暴露量相当高，存在一定健康风险。3至6岁的北方儿童DON暴露量更高, 需要予以高度关注。
