Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
J Diabetes. 2019 Sep;11(9):711-718. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12933. Epub 2019 May 27.
Hypoglycemia is a frequent occurrence in patients with diabetes who are treated with insulin and insulin secretagogues. Hypoglycemia is the limiting factor that prevents patients from achieving the glycemic control known to reduce the microvascular complications of diabetes. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia where the first symptom of a low blood sugar is unconsciousness. The fear of hypoglycemia has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients and their families. In the acute setting, hypoglycemia can kill, and clinical trials have demonstrated that a single episode of severe hypoglycemia increases the risk of subsequent mortality and cardiovascular events. Clinicians must make efforts to recognize and prevent hypoglycemia in order to prevent the adverse events associated with this event. Patient education is central to these efforts. Recent developments in glucose monitoring and drug development have provided more approaches that can be used to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes.
低血糖是接受胰岛素和胰岛素促分泌剂治疗的糖尿病患者的常见并发症。低血糖是限制患者实现已知可降低糖尿病微血管并发症的血糖控制的因素。反复发作的低血糖可导致低血糖意识受损，即低血糖的首个症状为无意识。对低血糖的恐惧对患者及其家属的生活质量有重大影响。在急性情况下，低血糖可致人死亡，临床试验表明，单次严重低血糖发作会增加后续死亡和心血管事件的风险。临床医生必须努力识别和预防低血糖，以防止与该事件相关的不良事件。患者教育是这些努力的核心。血糖监测和药物开发的最新进展为降低糖尿病患者的低血糖风险提供了更多方法。
