决定向家庭成员透露人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性状态的准备情况。
Decision Readiness to Disclose Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Status to Family Members.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI.
出版信息
Sex Transm Dis. 2019 May;46(5):342-346. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000966.
BACKGROUND
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) are faced with the often difficult decision of whether, when, and how to disclose their seropositive status. This study draws on the transtheoretical model of change to examine men and women's decision readiness to disclose their HIV-positive status to family members and to assess predictors (decisional balance and decision self-efficacy) of their decision readiness.
METHODS
Cross-sectional data were collected from 346 PLWH-191 males and 155 females. Participants self-reported on their disclosure decision readiness, decisional balance, and decision self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using χ tests, general linear models, and multinomial logistic regression models.
RESULTS
Two thirds of PLWH were in the 3 lower stages of decision readiness, with the majority starting to think about disclosure. One third of PLWH were in the 3 higher stages of decision readiness (close to deciding or have made the decision to disclose). Decisional balance and decision self-efficacy predicted decision readiness. Overall, few gender differences emerged.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings can help researchers, clinicians, and health care providers to better understand and support PLWH as they move through the decision making process.
背景
感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人（PLWH）经常面临着是否、何时以及如何向家人透露其血清阳性状态的艰难决定。本研究借鉴变化的跨理论模型，考察了男性和女性向家庭成员透露 HIV 阳性状态的决策准备情况，并评估了他们决策准备情况的预测因素（决策平衡和决策自我效能）。
方法
从 346 名 PLWH 中收集了横断面数据-191 名男性和 155 名女性。参与者自我报告了他们的披露决策准备情况、决策平衡和决策自我效能。使用卡方检验、一般线性模型和多项逻辑回归模型对数据进行了分析。
结果
三分之二的 PLWH 处于决策准备的 3 个较低阶段，大多数人开始考虑披露。三分之一的 PLWH 处于决策准备的 3 个较高阶段（接近决定或已经决定透露）。决策平衡和决策自我效能预测了决策准备情况。总体而言，性别差异较小。
结论
这些发现可以帮助研究人员、临床医生和医疗保健提供者更好地了解和支持 PLWH ，因为他们在决策过程中前进。
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