Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Apr 15;19(1):405. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6646-z.
The relationship between migration and health has primarily focused on permanent migrants, although non-permanent migrants comprise a large proportion of global migrants. Non-permanent migrants may have distinct needs that affect their health outcomes. This systematic review 1) examined the evidence concerning whether non-permanent migrants have different health outcomes than other population groups for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and 2) sought to describe how non-permanent migration is defined and measured.
For this systematic review, we developed a comprehensive search string for terms about non-permanent migration and disease and screening rates for three NCDs (cancer, heart disease, and diabetes) and searched thirteen electronic databases using the search string. Authors reviewed and evaluated articles for full-text review; hand-searched specific journals and grey literature; and scanned reference lists of relevant studies. Authors extracted and assessed data based on standard reporting for epidemiologic studies.
We identified twelve peer-reviewed articles that examined NCD outcomes for non-permanent migrants as compared to other populations. Some studies showed worse or no significant differences in the NCD outcomes for non-permanent migrants compared to other groups. The articles reflected substantial diversity that exists among non-permanent migrants, which ranged from economic migrants to nomadic populations.
Non-permanent migrants varied in their NCD outcomes as compared to other groups. Our included studies were heterogenous in their study designs and their definitions and measurement of non-permanent migration, which limited the ability to make conclusive statements about the health of the populations as compared to other populations. More standardization is needed in research to better understand the diversity in these populations and quantify differences in risk factors and disease rates between non-permanent migrants and other groups.
移民与健康之间的关系主要集中在永久移民上，尽管非永久移民在全球移民中占很大比例。非永久移民可能有不同的需求，这些需求会影响他们的健康结果。本系统综述 1）考察了非永久移民在非传染性慢性病（NCDs）方面的健康结果是否与其他人群不同的证据，2）试图描述非永久移民的定义和衡量方法。
为了进行这项系统综述，我们为非永久性移民和疾病以及三种 NCD（癌症、心脏病和糖尿病）的筛查率制定了一个全面的搜索字符串，并使用搜索字符串搜索了十三个电子数据库。作者对文章进行了回顾和评估，以确定是否进行全文审查；对手头特定的期刊和灰色文献进行了搜索；并对相关研究的参考文献进行了扫描。作者根据流行病学研究的标准报告提取和评估了数据。
我们确定了十二篇同行评审的文章，这些文章比较了非永久性移民与其他人群的 NCD 结果。一些研究表明，与其他群体相比，非永久性移民的 NCD 结果更差或没有显著差异。这些文章反映了非永久性移民之间存在着很大的差异，从经济移民到游牧人口都有。
与其他群体相比，非永久性移民的 NCD 结果存在差异。我们纳入的研究在研究设计以及非永久性移民的定义和衡量方面存在异质性，这限制了我们能够就这些人群与其他人群的健康状况做出明确结论的能力。需要在研究中更加标准化，以更好地了解这些人群的多样性，并量化非永久性移民与其他人群之间的风险因素和疾病发生率的差异。
