Timoshenko G N, Belvedersky M I
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. Dubna State University, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
J Radiol Prot. 2019 Apr;39(2):511-521. doi: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab0583. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
The problem of the reliable estimation of astronauts' radiation exposure doses in deep space is very important and relevant in connection with the accepted space research programmes. The effective dose value based on ICRP Publication 103 presents too conservative an estimate of an astronaut's radiation risk. A more realistic dose can be calculated on the basis of relationships between the radiation quality factor and linear energy transfer or linear energy or Z*/β , according to the NASA concept. In addition, it is reasonable to use a set of tissue weighting coefficients (normalised relative detriments) that have been averaged over a cohort of working age males similar to the male astronaut cohort. The closest to the male astronauts is the NASA cohort of males aged 30-60 years who have never smoked. The fluence-to-effective dose equivalent conversion coefficients calculated specially for male astronauts are compared. Different approaches to radiation risk estimation for astronauts are discussed.
在已获批的空间研究计划背景下，可靠估算宇航员在深空的辐射暴露剂量这一问题极为重要且具有现实意义。基于国际辐射防护委员会第103号出版物的有效剂量值对宇航员辐射风险的估计过于保守。根据美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的概念，依据辐射品质因数与线能量转移、线能量或Z*/β之间的关系，可以计算出更符合实际情况的剂量。此外，使用一组针对与男性宇航员群体类似的在职年龄男性队列进行平均的组织权重系数（归一化相对损害）是合理的。与男性宇航员最接近的是NASA的30至60岁从未吸烟的男性队列。比较了专门为男性宇航员计算的注量与有效剂量当量转换系数。讨论了宇航员辐射风险估计的不同方法。
