Department of Parasitology Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, bourgogne-franche-comté, France.
J Med Microbiol. 2019 May;68(5):812-821. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000960. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
Penicillium is the most common mould isolated in housing. Penicillium chrysogenum is the only species tested by prick test or serology for allergic patients. The American Institute of Medicine has accepted Penicillium as an aetiological agent of rhinitis in children and adults and as an asthma agent in children. However, few studies have identified Penicillium in housing to the species level (354 species). Phenotypic identification is difficult. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) should be an alternative. The aim of this study was (1) to identify the Penicillium species present in dwellings in Eastern France and (2) to evaluate the reliability of MALDI-TOF MS for identification, by comparing it to DNA sequencing and phenotypic identification.
Identification to the species level was performed by MALDI-TOF MS on 275 strains isolated from 48 dwellings. These results were compared to beta-tubulin gene sequencing and to the phenotypic aspects.
Thanks to MALDI-TOF, 235/275 strains could be identified (85.5 %). Fourteen species were identified among 23 Penicillium species included in the Filamentous Fungi Library 1.0 (Bruker Daltonics). However, 72.2 % of the strains belonged to five main taxa: P. chrysogenum (27.3 %), Penicillium glabrum (22.9 %), Penicilliumcommune (11.3 %), Penicillium brevicompactum (6.5 %) and Penicillium expansum (4.2 %).
Complete coherence between MALDI-TOF MS and sequence-based identification was found for P. chrysogenum, P. expansum, P. glabrum, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium corylophilum. The main drawback was observed for Penicillium crustosum, which included 21 strains (7.6 %) that could not be identified using MALDI-TOF MS.
青霉是住房中最常见的霉菌。只有青霉 chrysogenum 一种物种通过皮试或血清学测试来检测过敏患者。美国医学研究所已经接受青霉是儿童和成人鼻炎的病因，也是儿童哮喘的病因。然而，很少有研究将住房中的青霉鉴定到种的水平（354 种）。表型鉴定很困难。基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）应该是一种替代方法。本研究的目的是：（1）鉴定法国东部住宅中存在的青霉物种；（2）通过与 DNA 测序和表型鉴定进行比较，评估 MALDI-TOF MS 鉴定的可靠性。
通过 MALDI-TOF MS 对从 48 个住宅中分离的 275 株菌进行种水平鉴定。将这些结果与β-微管蛋白基因测序和表型特征进行比较。
通过 MALDI-TOF，可鉴定出 235/275 株菌（85.5%）。在丝状真菌库 1.0（布鲁克·道尔顿公司）中包含的 23 种青霉中，鉴定出 14 种。然而，72.2%的菌株属于五个主要类群：青霉 chrysogenum（27.3%）、青霉 glabrum（22.9%）、青霉 commune（11.3%）、青霉 brevicompactum（6.5%）和青霉 expansum（4.2%）。
发现 MALDI-TOF MS 与基于序列的鉴定之间完全一致，适用于青霉 chrysogenum、青霉 expansum、青霉 glabrum、青霉 italicum 和青霉 corylophilum。主要的缺陷是青霉 crustosum，它包括 21 株（7.6%）不能通过 MALDI-TOF MS 鉴定的菌株。
