Lippai Anett, Leelőssy Ádám, Magyar Donát
Biokör Technological and Environmental Protection Ltd., 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Meteorology, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary.
Pathogens. 2024 Nov 29;13(12):1048. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13121048.
The quality of indoor air is dependent on a number of factors, including the presence of microorganisms that colonize the building materials. The potential for health risks associated with microbial contamination is a significant concern during the renovation of buildings. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two reconstruction methods for historic buildings on air quality. The two reconstruction procedures were facadism, which preserves only the façade, demolishing the rest of the building and constructing a new building, and complete reconstruction, which involves internal renovation with a less intensive demolition. A total of 70 + 70 air samples, as well as surface and dust samples, were collected throughout the course of the reconstruction of the two buildings. In the case of facadism, total colony counts were found to be 2-4 times higher indoors than outdoors, even at the initial stage of the works. High concentrations of and spp. were detected. During the less intensive reconstruction, the total colony count in the indoor air samples was initially lower at almost every sampling point than at the outdoor levels. With regard to fungi, species were initially present at lower conidia concentrations, followed by species over time. In both buildings, elevated concentrations of airborne fungi were detected during the main reconstruction period. The fungal genera found in the indoor air were also detected on surfaces and in dust samples. Outdoor air samples collected from the vicinity of the buildings revealed elevated fungal counts at multiple sampling points, particularly in the case of facadism. Disinfection with dry fogging was implemented twice throughout the entire interior of the buildings. Following the first disinfection process, there was no notable decrease in colony-forming unit (CFU) counts in either building. However, the second disinfection resulted in a reduction in microbial concentration in the air. Our study confirms that the renovation of historical buildings can result in an elevated prevalence of fungal bioaerosols, which can be harmful to occupants. While the impact of the reconstruction remained within the range of urban background variability at distant (>1 km) locations, it caused local microbial contamination, often exceeding the detection limit in near-site samples.
室内空气质量取决于多种因素，包括在建筑材料上定殖的微生物的存在。在建筑物翻新期间，与微生物污染相关的健康风险可能性是一个重大问题。本研究的目的是评估两种历史建筑重建方法对空气质量的影响。这两种重建程序分别是立面保留法，即仅保留外立面，拆除建筑物的其余部分并建造新建筑；以及完全重建法，即进行内部翻新且拆除强度较小。在两座建筑的重建过程中，共采集了70 + 70份空气样本以及表面和灰尘样本。在立面保留法的情况下，即使在工程初期，室内的总菌落数也比室外高2至4倍。检测到高浓度的[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]。在强度较小的重建过程中，几乎每个采样点的室内空气样本中的总菌落数最初都低于室外水平。关于真菌，[真菌种类1]最初以较低的分生孢子浓度存在，随着时间推移[真菌种类2]出现。在两座建筑的主要重建期间，均检测到空气中真菌浓度升高。在室内空气中发现的真菌属也在表面和灰尘样本中被检测到。从建筑物附近采集的室外空气样本显示，多个采样点的真菌数量升高，立面保留法的情况尤为明显。在建筑物的整个内部进行了两次干雾消毒。第一次消毒过程后，两座建筑中的菌落形成单位（CFU）数量均未显著下降。然而，第二次消毒导致空气中微生物浓度降低。我们的研究证实，历史建筑的翻新可能导致真菌生物气溶胶的患病率升高，这可能对居住者有害。虽然重建的影响在远处（>1公里）位置仍处于城市背景变化范围内，但它造成了局部微生物污染，近场样本中的污染常常超过检测限。
