Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
Rev Environ Health. 2019 Jun 26;34(2):171-186. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0078.
In developing countries, one of the most severe modern-day dilemmas is the management of industrial wastewater. In these countries, industrial wastewater effluents are directly discharged into the natural drain, a sewer system, an internal septic tank or a nearby field. Some of these industrial wastewater effluents are inadequately treated or untreated before being discharged. In recent years, in developing countries, urbanization and industrial activities have led to environmental deterioration. This paper was designed to review the health and environmental impacts of inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents in Pakistan. The quality of industrial wastewater effluents is responsible for the degradation of the receiving water bodies. This is due to the reason that inadequately treated or untreated industrial wastewater effluents may cause eutrophication in the receiving water bodies and also form a favorable condition for toxin-producing waterborne pathogens. In order to comply with the wastewater guidelines and legislations, there is a need for proper treatment before discharge. In order to minimize the risk to the environment and public health, there is a need for proper treatment processes for industrial wastewater effluents. To achieve unpolluted discharge of industrial wastewater into the receiving water bodies, regular monitoring, proper and suitable treatment, careful planning and appropriate legislation are recommended.
在发展中国家，最严重的现代困境之一是工业废水的管理。在这些国家，工业废水通常直接排放到自然排水系统、下水道系统、内部化粪池或附近的田地中。其中一些工业废水在排放之前没有得到适当的处理或未经处理。近年来，在发展中国家，城市化和工业活动导致了环境恶化。本文旨在综述巴基斯坦处理不当或未经处理的工业废水对健康和环境的影响。工业废水的质量是导致受纳水体退化的原因。这是因为处理不当或未经处理的工业废水可能导致受纳水体富营养化，并为产生毒素的水生病原体形成有利条件。为了符合废水准则和法规，有必要在排放前进行适当的处理。为了将工业废水的排放对环境和公众健康的风险降到最低，需要对工业废水进行适当的处理。为了实现工业废水在受纳水体中的无污染排放，建议进行定期监测、适当和合适的处理、精心规划和适当的立法。
