Department of Psychological Sciences, Castleton University, Castleton, VT, 05735, USA.
Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA.
Behav Brain Funct. 2019 Apr 16;15(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12993-019-0159-x.
Our understanding of the networks of genes and protein functions involved in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) remains incomplete, as do the mechanisms by which these networks lead to AUD phenotypes. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is an efficient model for functional and mechanistic characterization of the genes involved in alcohol behavior. The fly offers many advantages as a model organism for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of alcohol-related behaviors, and for understanding the underlying neural circuitry driving behaviors, such as locomotor stimulation, sedation, tolerance, and appetitive (reward) learning and memory. Fly researchers are able to use an extensive variety of tools for functional characterization of gene products. To understand how the fly can guide our understanding of AUD in the era of Big Data we will explore these tools, and review some of the gene networks identified in the fly through their use, including chromatin-remodeling, glial, cellular stress, and innate immunity genes. These networks hold great potential as translational drug targets, making it prudent to conduct further research into how these gene mechanisms are involved in alcohol behavior.
我们对于涉及酒精使用障碍(AUD)的基因和蛋白质功能网络的理解还不完整,这些网络导致 AUD 表型的机制也是如此。果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)是研究与酒精行为相关基因的功能和机制特征的有效模型。果蝇作为研究与酒精相关行为的分子和细胞机制的模型生物,以及理解驱动行为的潜在神经回路(如运动刺激、镇静、耐受和奖赏学习和记忆)具有许多优势。蝇类研究人员能够使用大量的工具来对基因产物进行功能表征。为了了解在大数据时代,果蝇如何帮助我们理解 AUD,我们将探讨这些工具,并通过它们的使用回顾在果蝇中发现的一些基因网络,包括染色质重塑、神经胶质、细胞应激和先天免疫基因。这些网络作为潜在的转化药物靶点具有很大的潜力,因此有必要进一步研究这些基因机制如何参与酒精行为。