School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 453 W. 10th Ave. 535A Atwell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2019 Jun;16(3):214-223. doi: 10.1007/s11904-019-00442-9.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with lipid abnormalities that may enhance cardiovascular disease risk (CVD).
Chronic inflammation persists in HIV+ individuals, and complex relationships exist among lipids and inflammation, as immune activation may be both a cause and a consequence of lipid abnormalities in HIV infection. Advances in mass spectrometry-based techniques now allow for detailed measurements of individual lipid species; improved lipid measurement might better evaluate CVD risk compared with the prognostic value of traditional assessments. Lipidomic analyses have begun to characterize dynamic changes in lipid composition during HIV infection and following treatment with ART, and further investigation may identify novel lipid biomarkers predictive of adverse outcomes. Developing strategies to improve management of comorbidities in the HIV+ population is important, and statin therapy and lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, may help to improve lipid levels and mitigate CVD risk.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染及其抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）与脂质异常有关，后者可能增加心血管疾病（CVD）风险。
HIV 感染者持续存在慢性炎症，脂质与炎症之间存在复杂的关系，因为免疫激活可能是 HIV 感染中脂质异常的原因和结果。基于质谱的技术进步现在允许对单个脂质种类进行详细测量；与传统评估的预后价值相比，改善脂质测量可能更好地评估 CVD 风险。脂质组学分析已经开始描述 HIV 感染期间和接受 ART 治疗后脂质组成的动态变化，进一步的研究可能会确定预测不良结局的新型脂质生物标志物。制定策略改善 HIV 感染者合并症的管理非常重要，他汀类药物治疗和生活方式改变，包括饮食和运动，可能有助于改善脂质水平并降低 CVD 风险。
