Institute of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, College of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Adv Nurs. 2019 Nov;75(11):2591-2602. doi: 10.1111/jan.14029. Epub 2019 May 23.
To identify and describe the various patterns of parents' perspectives on avoiding secondhand smoke exposure.
Q methodology was applied to investigate the parental perspectives of 50 parents.
The study was implemented from September-December 2016. Forty-two Q-statements were constructed based on the literature related to parental attitudes and prevention practices regarding preventing young children from experiencing secondhand smoke exposure. A series of Q-sorts was performed by the participants to rank the statements into a Q-sort grid. PQMethod 2.35 software was used to perform principal component analysis to identify different patterns of parents' perspectives.
Five patterns of shared perspectives, which accounted for 62% of the total variance, were derived from the analysis: (a) lack of confidence to confront smokers in non-smoking areas; (b) awareness of health hazards but not ready to take preventive actions; (c) emphasis on parental responsibility and behavioural guidance; (d) awareness of health rights protected by legislation; and (e) strong willingness to take protective actions.
Our findings revealed the shared perspectives of five groups of parents. The exploration of clusters of parents could assist healthcare professionals in acknowledging parents' tendencies related to attitudes and responses towards secondhand smoke exposure.
Using a forced distribution through the Q-sorting technique, the particular perspective patterns of parents' experiences would be captured. These findings can serve as a useful guide for researchers and practitioners to develop tailored intervention programs for parents with the purpose of reducing secondhand smoke exposure in young children.
识别和描述父母避免二手烟暴露的各种观点模式。
采用 Q 方法研究了 50 位父母的观点。
研究于 2016 年 9 月至 12 月进行。根据与父母对预防幼儿接触二手烟的态度和预防措施相关的文献，共构建了 42 个 Q 陈述。参与者进行了一系列 Q 分类，将陈述排列到 Q 分类网格中。使用 PQMethod 2.35 软件进行主成分分析，以确定父母观点的不同模式。
分析得出了五个具有共同观点的模式，占总方差的 62%：（a）在非吸烟区缺乏对抗吸烟者的信心；（b）意识到健康危害，但尚未准备采取预防措施；（c）强调父母的责任和行为指导；（d）意识到受立法保护的健康权利；（e）强烈愿意采取保护措施。
我们的研究结果揭示了五组父母的共同观点。对父母群体的聚类探索可以帮助医疗保健专业人员了解与二手烟暴露的态度和反应相关的父母倾向。
通过 Q 分类技术进行强制分配，可以捕捉到父母经历的特定观点模式。这些发现可以为研究人员和从业者提供有用的指导，为父母制定有针对性的干预计划，以减少幼儿接触二手烟。
