Camargo Celeste Rodovalho Soares de, Schoueri Jean Henri Maselli, Alves Beatriz da Costa Aguiar, Veiga Glaucia R L da, Fonseca Fernando L A, Bacci Marcelo R
Department of Integrated Clinical Discussions, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP, Brasil.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019 Mar;65(3):469-474. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.469. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
Peripheral neuropathy is a disorder that affects the cell body, axon or myelin of motor or peripheral sensory neurons and occurs in 60-100% of patients who are submitted to dialysis due to chronic kidney disease. Uremic neuropathy (UN) is attributed to the accumulation of organic waste, evident in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate.
This review aims to make clinical characteristics of uremic neuropathy evident enabling early diagnosis and treatment.
This is a literature review of articles published on PubMed over the last 10 years using "Uremic Neuropathy" as "Title/Abstract".
A total of nine articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. UN is a distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy that occurs due to the accumulation of uremic toxins associated with an oxidative stress-related free radical activity. Hyperkalemia is thought to play an important role in its pathophysiology. Diagnosis depends on nerve conduction studies, and treatment includes dialysis or renal transplant.
Clinical presentations of UN are broad and non-specific; nonetheless, it is important to detect early changes in order to avoid its progression. The earlier UN is diagnosed and treated, the more successful are the clinical outcomes.
周围神经病变是一种影响运动或周围感觉神经元的细胞体、轴突或髓鞘的疾病，在因慢性肾病接受透析的患者中，其发生率为60%-100%。尿毒症神经病变（UN）归因于有机废物的积累，这在肾小球滤过率降低的患者中很明显。
本综述旨在明确尿毒症神经病变的临床特征，以实现早期诊断和治疗。
这是一项文献综述，对过去10年在PubMed上发表的以“尿毒症神经病变”为“标题/摘要”的文章进行了检索。
共纳入9篇符合纳入标准的文章。UN是一种远端对称性感觉运动性多发性神经病变，由与氧化应激相关的自由基活动所导致的尿毒症毒素积累引起。高钾血症被认为在其病理生理过程中起重要作用。诊断依赖于神经传导研究，治疗包括透析或肾移植。
UN的临床表现广泛且不具特异性；尽管如此，检测早期变化以避免其进展很重要。UN诊断和治疗得越早，临床结果就越成功。
