Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 17;14(4):e0214537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214537. eCollection 2019.
Sport participation has been shown to be associated with health and social benefits. However, there are persisting inequities and barriers to sport participation that can prevent children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities from accessing these benefits. This mixed methods study investigated how diversity is understood, experienced and managed in junior sport. The study combined in-depth interviews (n = 101), surveys (n = 450) and observations over a three-year period. The results revealed that a focus on performance and competitiveness negatively affected junior sports clubs' commitment to diversity and inclusive participation. Gender and a range of attitudes about diversity were also strongly related. On average, we found that those who identified as men were more likely to support a pro-performance stance, be homophobic, endorse stricter gender roles, and endorse violence as a natural masculine trait. In addition, those who identified as men were less likely to hold pro-disability attitudes. These findings suggest that the participation-performance tension and gender affect to what extent, and how, sports clubs engage children and young people with diverse backgrounds and abilities.
运动参与已被证明与健康和社会效益有关。然而，仍然存在阻碍运动参与的不平等和障碍，使来自不同背景和能力的儿童和年轻人无法获得这些益处。这项混合方法研究调查了多样性在青少年运动中是如何被理解、体验和管理的。该研究在三年的时间里结合了深入访谈（n=101）、调查（n=450）和观察。结果表明，对表现和竞争力的关注对青少年体育俱乐部对多样性和包容性参与的承诺产生了负面影响。性别和对多样性的一系列态度也与这一结果密切相关。平均而言，我们发现那些认同男性的人更有可能支持表现优异的立场，恐同，支持更严格的性别角色，并认为暴力是男性的自然特征。此外，那些认同男性的人不太可能持有支持残疾的态度。这些发现表明，参与与表现之间的紧张关系以及性别会影响体育俱乐部在何种程度上以及如何让来自不同背景和能力的儿童和年轻人参与运动。
