School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
Poult Sci. 2019 Oct 1;98(10):4829-4837. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez217.
The present study was conducted to determine the impact of dietary energy and protein concentrations and lipid sources on growth performance and carcass traits of Pekin ducks. In Exp. 1, 15-day-old ducks (6 replicate pens, 60 ducks/pen) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with different metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) concentrations (2,850 kcal/kg and 16%, 2,950 kcal/kg and 16.5%, 3,050 kcal/kg and 17.0%, and 3,150 kcal/kg and 17.5%) based on body weight (BW). In Exp. 2, 20-day-old ducks (4 replicate pens, 60 ducks/pen) were randomly allotted to 3 dietary fat sources (soybean oil, lard, and palm oil) with or without emulsifier in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 1, increasing ME and CP level improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) and cost-to-gain ratio linearly, but reduced (P < 0.05) feed intake (FI) and feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) linearly. Breast skin thickness and liver redness (a*) value increased (P < 0.05) linearly with the increasing ME and CP level. In Exp. 2, no interactions between fat sources and emulsifier were observed. Feeding lard and palm oil diets increased (P < 0.05) final BW and BWG compared to soybean oil. Birds fed soybean oil and palm oil diets had lower (P < 0.05) FI compared to those fed lard diet. F/G in soybean oil and lard groups was higher (P < 0.05) compared to palm oil group. Birds in palm oil and lard groups had higher (P < 0.05) European production efficiency factor than those in soybean oil group. The addition of emulsifier increased (P < 0.05) BWG. In summary, the optimal ME and CP level for roasting was 2,950 kcal/kg ME and 16.5% CP and the palm oil was better than soybean oil and lard in Pekin ducks from 15 to 40 D of age.
本研究旨在确定饲粮能量和蛋白质浓度以及脂肪源对北京鸭生长性能和胴体特性的影响。试验 1 中，15 日龄北京鸭（6 重复栏，每栏 60 只）根据体重（BW）随机分为 4 种不同代谢能（ME）和粗蛋白（CP）浓度（2850kcal/kg 和 16%、2950kcal/kg 和 16.5%、3050kcal/kg 和 17.0%和 3150kcal/kg 和 17.5%）的饲粮处理，每个处理 6 个重复栏，每栏 60 只。试验 2 中，20 日龄北京鸭（4 重复栏，每栏 60 只）随机分为 3 种脂肪源（豆油、猪油和棕榈油）组或 3 种脂肪源+乳化剂组，采用 3×2 因子设计。在试验 1 中，ME 和 CP 水平的提高线性增加（P＜0.05）体重增重（BWG）和投入产肉比，但线性降低（P＜0.05）采食量（FI）和料重比（F/G）。胸肌皮厚和肝脏红度（a*）值随 ME 和 CP 水平的增加呈线性增加（P＜0.05）。在试验 2 中，脂肪源和乳化剂之间没有互作。与豆油相比，饲喂猪油和棕榈油日粮提高（P＜0.05）了终末 BW 和 BWG。饲喂豆油和棕榈油日粮的北京鸭比饲喂猪油日粮的采食量更低（P＜0.05）。与棕榈油组相比，豆油和猪油组的 F/G 更高（P＜0.05）。棕榈油和猪油组的欧洲生产效率系数（EPEF）高于豆油组（P＜0.05）。添加乳化剂增加（P＜0.05）了 BWG。综上所述，用于烤制的最佳 ME 和 CP 水平为 2950kcal/kg ME 和 16.5% CP，15 至 40 日龄北京鸭棕榈油优于豆油和猪油。
