Kobets Tetyana, Iatropoulos Michael J, Williams Gary M
Department of Pathology , New York Medical College , Valhalla , NY 10595 , USA . Email:
Toxicol Res (Camb). 2018 Dec 18;8(2):123-145. doi: 10.1039/c8tx00250a. eCollection 2019 Mar 1.
Chemicals with carcinogenic activity in either animals or humans produce increases in neoplasia through diverse mechanisms. One mechanism is reaction with nuclear DNA. Other mechanisms consist of epigenetic effects involving either modifications of regulatory macromolecules or perturbation of cellular regulatory processes. The basis for distinguishing between carcinogens that have either DNA reactivity or an epigenetic activity as their primary mechanism of action is detailed in this review. In addition, important applications of information on these mechanisms of action to carcinogenicity testing and human risk assessment are discussed.
在动物或人类中具有致癌活性的化学物质通过多种机制导致肿瘤形成增加。一种机制是与核DNA发生反应。其他机制包括表观遗传效应，涉及调节性大分子的修饰或细胞调节过程的扰动。本综述详细阐述了区分以DNA反应性或表观遗传活性作为主要作用机制的致癌物的依据。此外，还讨论了这些作用机制的信息在致癌性测试和人类风险评估中的重要应用。
