Fiedler G M, Vogt B
Zentrum für Labormedizin und Universitätsinstitut für Klinische Chemie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.
Universitätsklinik für Nephrologie und Hypertonie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.
Internist (Berl). 2019 May;60(5):485-501. doi: 10.1007/s00108-019-0598-3.
Kidney diseases are among the most frequently reported diseases with a poor prognosis that are diagnosed too late. According to current Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines, diagnosis and risk stratification are mainly based on functional markers (creatinine and cystatin C), which are used to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the analysis of urinary albumin excretion as a marker of kidney damage. These methods have limitations that can complicate the interpretation of the results and can lead to a delay of the diagnosis as well as to a misinterpretation of the prognosis. Therefore, new damage markers are required that sensitively and specifically detect kidney damage and enable targeted treatment. Urinalysis complements the laboratory diagnostic spectrum of diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. It is mainly used for screening and provides important information on localization (renal/postrenal) and differentiation of kidney diseases (glomerular/tubulointerstitial).
肾脏疾病是报告频率最高的疾病之一，预后较差且诊断过晚。根据当前改善全球肾脏病预后组织（KDIGO）的指南，诊断和风险分层主要基于功能标志物（肌酐和胱抑素C），这些标志物用于确定估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）以及分析尿白蛋白排泄情况作为肾脏损伤的标志物。这些方法存在局限性，可能会使结果的解读复杂化，并可能导致诊断延迟以及对预后的错误解读。因此，需要新的损伤标志物来灵敏且特异地检测肾脏损伤并实现靶向治疗。尿液分析补充了肾脏和尿路疾病的实验室诊断范围。它主要用于筛查，并提供有关肾脏疾病定位（肾性/肾后性）和鉴别（肾小球性/肾小管间质性）的重要信息。
