Aryan Yash, Dikshit Anil Kumar, Shinde Amar Mohan
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Mar;32(12):7285-7296. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32542-4. Epub 2024 Mar 11.
The present study assessed the environmental impacts due to bitumen production in India using life cycle assessment approach. The impacts were calculated for production of 1 t of bitumen and system boundary covered extraction of resources, processing at refinery, transportation of bitumen and storage at the production site. In this study, five scenarios were considered to estimate the impacts reduction assuming different future electricity mix and thermal energy source. Crude oil extraction phase had contributed highest (91%) followed by refinery phase (4%), then transportation (3%) and at last storage of bitumen (2%). The normalization results found that the bitumen production had highest impacts on abiotic depletion fossil and lowest impact on eutrophication. Scenario S4 had the least environmental impacts and provided the overall reductions of 33% compared to the baseline scenario. Scenario S4 reduced the impacts significantly on acidification (51%), eutrophication (30%), and human toxicity (71%), but the reductions were not significant on global warming (11%) and increased the impacts on abiotic depletion fossil (1%). The results of sensitivity analysis found that thermal energy obtained from hard coal consumed during bitumen production is the most sensitive parameter for all the impact categories. The uncertainty analysis showed that the results of this study are reliable and had standard deviation less than 5% for all the impact categories. The findings of the present study will help the decision makers and concerned authorities to reduce the environmental impacts from bitumen production in India.
本研究采用生命周期评估方法评估了印度沥青生产对环境的影响。计算了生产1吨沥青的影响，系统边界涵盖资源开采、炼油厂加工、沥青运输以及生产现场储存。在本研究中，考虑了五种情景，以估计在假设不同未来电力组合和热能来源的情况下影响的减少情况。原油开采阶段贡献最大（91%），其次是炼油厂阶段（4%），然后是运输阶段（3%），最后是沥青储存阶段（2%）。归一化结果表明，沥青生产对非生物资源耗竭化石的影响最大，对富营养化的影响最小。情景S4的环境影响最小，与基准情景相比总体减少了33%。情景S4对酸化（51%）、富营养化（30%）和人体毒性（71%）的影响显著降低，但对全球变暖的影响降低不显著（11%），且增加了对非生物资源耗竭化石的影响（1%）。敏感性分析结果表明，沥青生产过程中消耗硬煤获得的热能是所有影响类别中最敏感的参数。不确定性分析表明，本研究结果可靠，所有影响类别的标准差均小于5%。本研究结果将有助于决策者和相关当局减少印度沥青生产对环境的影响。
