National School of Biological Sciences, IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, IPN, Prolongacion de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Santo Tomas, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2020 Feb;65(1):87-94. doi: 10.1007/s12223-019-00707-1. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli are common causative agents of human urinary tract infections. Organotin compounds (OTCs) are man-made chemicals that may affect the renal function of exposed humans and rodents. OTCs are widely recognized as bactericides. However, many environmental and a few clinically relevant bacteria have been found resistant to high concentrations of some OTCs. We examined the susceptibility from 47 E. coli clinical isolates to 12 antibiotics and 5 OTCs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the fully automated Sensititre™ ARIS™ 2X system, and E. coli strains were classified as resistant, intermediate resistant, or sensitive, according to the M07-A10 and M100-S26 criteria from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. All 47 E. coli strains were susceptible to amikacin but resistant to imipenem and intermediate resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime, and chloramphenicol. In addition, 26 strains were resistant and 21 intermediate resistant to aztreonam, 24 strains were resistant and 23 intermediate resistant to ceftazidime, 44 strains were intermediate resistant and 3 sensitive to cephalothin, and 43 strains were intermediate resistant and 4 sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Approximately half of the strains were susceptible to cefepime, cefotaxime, and gentamicin. E. coli strains were also found resistant to triphenyltin, tributyltin, dibutyltin, trimethyltin, or dimethyltin at final concentration between 10 μmol/L and 1 mmol/L, during 72-h in vitro culture. However, higher in vitro growth inhibition was induced by these OTCs in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, which suggests that efflux pumps contribute to making antibiotic-resistant E. coli also resistant to OTCs.
耐抗生素大肠杆菌是常见的人类尿路感染的致病因素。有机锡化合物（OTCs）是人为合成的化学物质，可能会影响暴露于这些化合物的人类和啮齿动物的肾功能。OTCs 被广泛认为是杀菌剂。然而，许多环境和少数临床相关细菌已经被发现对一些 OTCs 的高浓度具有抗性。我们检查了 47 株大肠杆菌临床分离株对 12 种抗生素和 5 种 OTCs 的敏感性。通过全自动 Sensititre™ ARIS™ 2X 系统确定最小抑菌浓度，并根据国家临床实验室标准委员会的 M07-A10 和 M100-S26 标准，将大肠杆菌菌株分类为耐药、中介耐药或敏感。所有 47 株大肠杆菌对阿米卡星均敏感，但对亚胺培南耐药，对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛和氯霉素中介耐药。此外，26 株对氨曲南耐药，21 株中介耐药，24 株对头孢他啶耐药，23 株中介耐药，44 株对头孢噻吩耐药，3 株敏感，43 株对环丙沙星耐药，4 株敏感。大约一半的菌株对头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟和庆大霉素敏感。大肠杆菌菌株在体外培养 72 小时内，在 10 μmol/L 至 1 mmol/L 之间的终浓度下也对三苯基锡、三丁基锡、二丁基锡、三甲基锡或二甲基锡具有抗性。然而，在存在外排泵抑制剂羰基氰化物 m-氯苯腙的情况下，这些 OTCs 会诱导更高的体外生长抑制，这表明外排泵有助于使抗生素耐药的大肠杆菌也对 OTCs 产生耐药性。
