Ounsted M, Moar V A, Scott A
Early Hum Dev. 1986 Dec;14(3-4):167-78. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(86)90178-7.
The growth patterns from birth to 7 yr of four groups of children are compared. They comprise: small-for-gestational age children in a highly favoured community born to (A) short mothers, (B) mothers of average height for their population; Guatemalan children living in a community where mild to moderate protein-calorie malnutrition was endemic. Data on a sample of children whose birthweights covered the normal range for gestational age were used as reference standards. At all ages and for almost all measures they were significantly larger than children in the other three groups. No differences were found between the boys in groups A and B; but girls in group A were lighter and shorter from 18 mth onwards. The Guatemalans were shorter and had smaller heads than group A from 12 mth onwards; and the boys were also lighter. No differences were found between the Guatemalans and group A for chest circumference in either sex from 2 yr onwards. Deficits in size at 4 yr of the Guatemalans compared with the Reference Sample ranged from 8.8% for stature, 6.8% head circumference, 5.9% weight, down to 3.9% for chest circumference. The differences between the four groups may broadly be taken to represent those due to low birthweight for gestational age, lower genetic potential, postnatal malnutrition, and their cumulative effects. Our findings offer a new perspective on their varying contributions to growth in size and shape during early childhood.
对四组儿童从出生到7岁的生长模式进行了比较。这四组儿童包括：在条件优越社区中出生的小于胎龄儿，其母亲分别为（A）身材矮小的母亲、（B）所在人群中身高平均的母亲；生活在蛋白质 - 热量轻度至中度营养不良流行社区的危地马拉儿童。将出生体重涵盖胎龄正常范围的儿童样本数据用作参考标准。在所有年龄段以及几乎所有测量指标上，他们都显著大于其他三组儿童。A组和B组的男孩之间未发现差异；但从18个月起，A组女孩体重更轻、身高更矮。从12个月起，危地马拉儿童比A组儿童更矮且头围更小；男孩体重也更轻。从2岁起，危地马拉儿童与A组儿童在两性胸围方面均未发现差异。与参考样本相比，危地马拉儿童在4岁时的身材、头围、体重和胸围的尺寸不足分别为8.8%、6.8%、5.9%和3.9%。这四组之间的差异大致可被视为由于胎龄低出生体重、较低的遗传潜力、出生后营养不良及其累积效应所致。我们的研究结果为它们在幼儿期对体型和形态生长的不同贡献提供了新的视角。
