Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL - Italian Worker's Compensation Authority, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL - Italian Worker's Compensation Authority, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2019 Sep;59:228-237. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.017. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Biosoluble AES wools are increasingly used since considered not hazardous, however, few toxicity studies are available. We evaluated cytotoxic, genotoxic-oxidative and inflammatory effects of two differently soluble AES wools, AES1 (high MgO percentage) and AES2 (high CaO percentage), on alveolar (A549) and bronchial (BEAS-2B) cells. Fiber dimensions and dissolution in cell media were evaluated by SEM analysis. Cell viability, LDH release, direct/oxidative DNA damage (fpg-comet assay) and IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α release (ELISA), were analysed after 24 h exposure to 2-200 μg/ml. On A549 cells AES1 induced LDH release, slight direct DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage with very high IL-6 release at 100 μg/ml; AES2 induced higher DNA damage than AES1 and slight oxidative DNA damage. On BEAS-2B cells we found direct DNA damage (higher for AES1) and slight oxidative DNA damage (associated to slight increased IL-6 and IL-8 release for AES1). The higher genotoxicity of more soluble AES2 on A549 cells could be explained by higher respirable fibers % and fiber number/μg found after 24 h in RPMI-medium at 100 μg/ml. The higher membrane damage, oxidative DNA damage and inflammation induced by AES1 in A549 cells could be due to the higher D and silica percentage. These findings suggest further investigations on AES toxicity.
生物可溶性 AES 羊毛由于被认为没有危害而越来越多地被使用，然而，可用的毒性研究很少。我们评估了两种不同可溶性 AES 羊毛（AES1[高氧化镁百分比]和 AES2[高氧化钙百分比]）对肺泡（A549）和支气管（BEAS-2B）细胞的细胞毒性、遗传毒性-氧化和炎症作用。通过 SEM 分析评估纤维尺寸和在细胞培养基中的溶解情况。在 24 小时暴露于 2-200μg/ml 后，分析细胞活力、LDH 释放、直接/氧化 DNA 损伤（fpg-彗星试验）和 IL-6、IL-8 和 TNF-α释放（ELISA）。A549 细胞中 AES1 诱导 LDH 释放、轻微直接 DNA 损伤和高浓度（100μg/ml）时的氧化 DNA 损伤，同时诱导高 IL-6 释放；AES2 诱导比 AES1 更高的 DNA 损伤和轻微的氧化 DNA 损伤。在 BEAS-2B 细胞中，我们发现直接 DNA 损伤（AES1 更高）和轻微的氧化 DNA 损伤（与 AES1 相关的轻微增加的 IL-6 和 IL-8 释放）。在 RPMI 培养基中，AES2 在 100μg/ml 时 24 小时后可发现更高比例的可吸入纤维%和纤维数量/μg，这可能解释了其在 A549 细胞中更高的遗传毒性。AES1 在 A549 细胞中诱导的更高的膜损伤、氧化 DNA 损伤和炎症可能归因于更高的 D 和二氧化硅百分比。这些发现提示对 AES 毒性进行进一步研究。
