Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Acta Biomater. 2019 Sep 1;95:91-111. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.032. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Biological systems continuously interact with the surrounding environment because they are dynamically evolving. The interaction is achieved through mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological, thermal, optical, or a synergistic combination of these cues. To provide a fundamental understanding of the interaction, recent efforts that integrate biological systems with the electronic-mechanical assemblies create unique opportunities for simultaneous monitoring and eliciting the responses to the biological system. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual. In this short review, we will provide a brief overview of the recent development on the integration of the biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies across multiple scales, with applications ranging from healthcare monitoring to therapeutic options such as drug delivery and rehabilitation therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An overview of the recent progress on the integration of the biological system with both electronic and mechanical assemblies is discussed. The integration creates the unique opportunity to simultaneously monitor and elicit the responses to the biological system, which provides a fundamental understanding of the interaction between the biological system and the electronic-mechanical assemblies. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual.
生物系统通过机械、电气、化学、生物、热、光或这些信号的协同组合，与周围环境持续相互作用，因为它们在不断演化。为了从根本上理解这种相互作用，将生物系统与电子机械组件集成的最新研究进展为同时监测和引发对生物系统的响应创造了独特的机会。在材料、制造工艺和器件集成方法方面的最新创新为生物整合器件与生物系统接口创造了条件，范围从细胞和组织到器官和活体。在这篇简短的综述中，我们将简要概述跨多个尺度将生物系统与电子机械组件集成的最新进展，其应用范围从医疗保健监测到药物输送和康复治疗等治疗选择。 意义陈述：讨论了生物系统与电子和机械组件集成的最新进展概述。这种集成创造了同时监测和引发对生物系统响应的独特机会，从而为生物系统与电子机械组件之间的相互作用提供了基本理解。在材料、制造工艺和器件集成方法方面的最新创新为生物整合器件与生物系统接口创造了条件，范围从细胞和组织到器官和活体。
