Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
J Nutr Biochem. 2019 Jun;68:16-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 23.
Systemic and tissue-specific inflammation has a profound influence on regulation of metabolism, and therefore, strategies to reduce inflammation are of special interest in prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Antiobesity and antidiabetic properties of Momordica charantia (bitter melon, BM) have been linked to its protective effects on inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis. We investigated the mechanisms by which freeze-dried BM juice reduces adipose inflammation in mice fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Although earlier studies indicated that BM inhibited recruitment of macrophages (Mφ) infiltration in adipose tissue of rodents and reduced NF-kB and IL-1β secretions, the mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrate that freeze-dried BM juice inhibits recruitment of Mφ into adipose tissue and its polarization to inflammatory phenotype possibly due to reduction of sphingokinase 1 (SPK1) mRNA in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, reduction of IL-1β secretion by freeze-dried BM juice in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice is correlated to alleviation of NLRP3 inflammasome components and their downstream signaling targets. We confirm previous observations that BM inhibited inflammation of colon and gut microbial dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, which in part may be associated with the observed anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue if HFD-fed mice. Overall, functional foods such as BM may offer potential dietary interventions that may impact sterile inflammatory diseases such as obesity and T2D.
系统性和组织特异性炎症对代谢调节有深远影响，因此，减少炎症的策略在肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的预防和治疗中具有特殊意义。苦瓜（苦瓜，BM）的抗肥胖和抗糖尿病特性与其对炎症和肠道微生物失调的保护作用有关。我们研究了冻干 BM 汁通过哪些机制减少高脂肪饮食（HFD）喂养 16 周的小鼠的脂肪炎症。尽管早期的研究表明，BM 抑制了啮齿动物脂肪组织中巨噬细胞（Mφ）浸润的募集，并减少了 NF-kB 和 IL-1β 的分泌，但机制尚不清楚。我们证明，冻干 BM 汁抑制了 Mφ向脂肪组织的募集及其向炎症表型的极化，这可能是由于 HFD 喂养小鼠中鞘氨醇激酶 1（SPK1）mRNA 的减少。此外，冻干 BM 汁在 HFD 喂养小鼠脂肪组织中减少 IL-1β 的分泌与 NLRP3 炎性小体成分及其下游信号靶标的缓解相关。我们证实了以前的观察结果，即 BM 抑制了 HFD 喂养小鼠的结肠炎症和肠道微生物失调，这在一定程度上可能与观察到的对 HFD 喂养小鼠脂肪组织的抗炎作用有关。总的来说，功能性食品，如 BM，可能提供潜在的饮食干预，可能影响无菌性炎症性疾病，如肥胖症和 T2D。
