Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Kosice, Slovakia.
Neurochem Res. 2020 Jan;45(1):134-143. doi: 10.1007/s11064-019-02800-w. Epub 2019 Apr 20.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to irreversible neuro-degenerative changes with life-long consequences. While there is still no effective therapy available, the results of past research have led to improved quality of life for patients suffering from partial or permanent paralysis. In this review we focus on the need, importance and the scientific value of experimental animal models simulating SCI in humans. Furthermore, we highlight modern imaging tools determining the location and extent of spinal cord damage and their contribution to early diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment. Finally, we focus on available cellular and acellular therapies and novel combinatory approaches with exosomes and active biomaterials. Here we discuss the efficacy and limitations of adult mesenchymal stem cells which can be derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord blood and its Wharton's jelly. Special attention is paid to stem cell-derived exosomes and smart biomaterials due to their special properties as a delivery system for proteins, bioactive molecules or even genetic material.
脊髓损伤（SCI）常导致不可逆转的神经退行性变化，带来终身影响。尽管目前尚无有效的治疗方法，但过去的研究结果已改善了部分或永久性瘫痪患者的生活质量。在本次综述中，我们重点关注模拟人类 SCI 的实验动物模型的必要性、重要性和科学价值。此外，我们强调了现代成像工具在确定脊髓损伤的位置和程度及其对早期诊断和选择合适治疗方法的贡献。最后，我们关注现有的细胞和无细胞治疗方法，以及外泌体和活性生物材料的新型组合方法。在这里，我们讨论了源自骨髓、脂肪组织或脐带血及其华通氏胶的成体间充质干细胞的功效和局限性。特别关注干细胞衍生的外泌体和智能生物材料，因为它们作为蛋白质、生物活性分子甚至遗传物质的输送系统具有特殊性质。
