Hernández-García Ignacio, Chaure-Pardos Armando, Aibar-Remón Carlos
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza. España.
Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2019 Apr 22;93:e201904019.
Splenectomized patients have an increased risk of sepsis caused by encapsulated bacteria. Pneumococcal, meningococcal and Haemophilus influenzae B vaccination is recommended in this group. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of the introduction of an immunization hospital clinic on their immunization coverages.
Quasi-experimental study. The control group included patients splenectomized between January 2012-April 2014, and the intervention group included patients splenectomized between May 2014-December 2016. The global and specific immunization coverages were compared between both groups using a Chi-square test.
80 patients were analyzed. The most commonly administered vaccine was the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (65.0%). A significant improvement was observed both in the global immunization rate (17.1% in the pre-intervention study vs. 57.8% in the post-intervention study) (RR: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.56-7.27) and in the specific immunization rate for the Haemophilus influenzae B, meningococcal C and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
Introducing an immunization hospital clinic is an effective measure to improve the immunization coverage of splenectomy patients.
脾切除患者感染由包膜细菌引起的败血症的风险增加。建议该群体接种肺炎球菌、脑膜炎球菌和B型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗。我们研究的目的是评估设立免疫接种医院门诊对其免疫接种覆盖率的影响。
准实验研究。对照组包括2012年1月至2014年4月间接受脾切除的患者，干预组包括2014年5月至2016年12月间接受脾切除的患者。使用卡方检验比较两组的总体和特定免疫接种覆盖率。
分析了80例患者。最常接种的疫苗是23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗（65.0%）。总体免疫接种率（干预前研究中为17.1%，干预后研究中为57.8%）（相对危险度：3.37；95%可信区间：1.56 - 7.27）以及B型流感嗜血杆菌、C群脑膜炎球菌和13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗的特定免疫接种率均有显著提高。
设立免疫接种医院门诊是提高脾切除患者免疫接种覆盖率的有效措施
