Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City University of London, London, UK.
Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health; UNSW Sydney, Australia.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2019 May;67(5):583-592. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1235_18.
The objective of this review is to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors, uncorrected refractive error (URE), and uncorrected presbyopia in adults aged ≥30 years in India.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A detailed literature search was performed to include all studies published from India from the year 1990 using the Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase. Refractive error was defined by >0.50 D ametropia. URE was defined by presenting visual acuity (PVA) worse than 6/18 improving with pinhole or spectacle correction, and uncorrected presbyopia by near vision <N8 improving with correction in the absence of distance URE.
Fifteen studies were included from South India, one each from Western and Central India, and one study covered 15 states across India. The prevalence of RE of at least 0.50 D of spherical equivalent ametropia was 53.1% [(95% confidence interval (CI): 37.2-68.5), of which myopia and hyperopia was 27.7% and 22.9%, respectively. The prevalence of URE was 10.2% (95% CI: 6.9-14.8), but heterogeneity in these estimates was very high. The prevalence of uncorrected presbyopia was 33% (95% CI: 19.1-51.0).
This review highlights the magnitude of refractive errors among adults in India. More studies are needed using standard methods in regions where there is a lack of information on UREs. Programs delivering spectacles for adults in India will need to primarily focus on reading glasses to correct presbyopia along with spectacles for hyperopia and myopia.
本综述的目的是估计印度≥30 岁成年人的屈光不正、未矫正屈光不正（URE）和未矫正老视的患病率。
遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。使用 Cochrane 图书馆、Medline 和 Embase 进行详细的文献检索，以纳入自 1990 年以来在印度发表的所有研究。屈光不正定义为>0.50 D 的屈光不正。URE 定义为远视力（PVA）差于 6/18，通过针孔或眼镜矫正可改善，未矫正老视定义为近视力<N8，在没有远距 URE 的情况下通过矫正可改善。
共纳入来自印度南部的 15 项研究，来自印度西部和中部的各有 1 项，以及涵盖印度 15 个邦的 1 项研究。至少 0.50 D 球镜等效屈光不正的 RE 患病率为 53.1%（95%置信区间（CI）：37.2-68.5），其中近视和远视分别为 27.7%和 22.9%。URE 的患病率为 10.2%（95%CI：6.9-14.8），但这些估计值的异质性非常高。未矫正老视的患病率为 33%（95%CI：19.1-51.0）。
本综述强调了印度成年人屈光不正的严重程度。在缺乏 URE 信息的地区，需要更多使用标准方法的研究。为印度成年人提供眼镜的项目将需要主要专注于阅读眼镜，以矫正老视以及远视和近视的眼镜。
