Casas Luque Luisa, Naidoo Kovin, Chan Ving Fai, Silva Juan Carlos, Naduvilath Thomas John, Peña Fernando, Mayorga Myriam, Ramírez Leonardo
African Vision Research Institute, UKZN, Durban, South Africa.
Queen's University of Belfast, Dublin, United Kingdom.
Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Aug;96(8):579-586. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001409.
Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment; therefore, reducing its prevalence is important worldwide. For two decades, there has not been a comprehensive assessment of refractive error in Latin America.
The purpose of this study was to determine the current prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia, spectacle coverage, barriers to uptake refractive services, and spectacle correction in people 15 years and older in Bogotá, Colombia.
A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted using 50 randomly selected clusters from 10 districts of Bogotá reflecting the socioeconomic status of the city. Respondents 15 years and older were interviewed and underwent standardized clinical eye examinations. Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error, spectacle coverage, and visual impairment were standardized to 2015 age-sex population distribution of Bogotá and further analyzed.
A total of 2886 subjects (90% of 3206 eligible subjects) participated in the study; 39.1% were male and 60.9% were female in the age range of 15 to 96 years, with a median age of 46 years (interquartile range, 45 to 54 years). Age- and sex-standardized prevalence of visual impairment was 19.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8 to 20.8%). Prevalence of uncorrected refractive error was 12.5% (95% CI, 11.3 to 13.7%). Prevalence of presbyopia among participants 35 years and older was 55.2% (95% CI, 52.9 to 57.4%). Spectacle coverage was 50.9% for distance vision, and it was 33.9% for presbyopia. Main barrier to spectacle uptake was a limitation in affording spectacles because of economic factors (29.5%).
This study provides a current estimate of refractive error using the Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error for Colombia and the Latin American region. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and presbyopia was high, and the barriers to spectacle uptake were higher in the lowest socioeconomic strata. The results obtained in the present study will help in making evidence-based decisions related to eye care service delivery in Colombia.
未矫正的屈光不正为视力损害的主要原因；因此，在全球范围内降低其患病率意义重大。二十年来，拉丁美洲一直未对屈光不正进行全面评估。
本研究旨在确定哥伦比亚波哥大15岁及以上人群中屈光不正、老花眼、眼镜佩戴率、接受屈光服务的障碍以及眼镜矫正的当前患病率。
采用基于社区的横断面调查，从波哥大10个区随机选取50个群组，以反映该市的社会经济状况。对15岁及以上的受访者进行访谈并接受标准化临床眼科检查。将未矫正屈光不正、眼镜佩戴率和视力损害的患病率按照波哥大2015年年龄 - 性别人口分布进行标准化，并进一步分析。
共有2886名受试者（占3206名 eligible受试者的90%）参与了研究；年龄在15至96岁之间，男性占39.1%，女性占60.9%，中位年龄为46岁（四分位间距为45至54岁）。年龄和性别标准化的视力损害患病率为19.3%（95%置信区间[CI]，17.8至20.8%）。未矫正屈光不正的患病率为12.5%（95%CI，11.3至13.7%）。35岁及以上参与者中老花眼的患病率为55.2%（95%CI，52.9至57.4%）。远视力的眼镜佩戴率为50.9%，老花眼的眼镜佩戴率为33.9%。接受眼镜的主要障碍是由于经济因素导致购买眼镜受限（29.5%）。
本研究使用哥伦比亚和拉丁美洲地区屈光不正快速评估方法对屈光不正进行了当前估计。未矫正屈光不正和老花眼的患病率较高，且在社会经济地位最低的阶层中接受眼镜的障碍更高。本研究所得结果将有助于为哥伦比亚的眼保健服务提供基于证据的决策。
