Johnson Lee Ann, Schreier Ann M, Swanson Melvin, Moye Janet P, Ridner Sheila
East Carolina University.
Vidant Medical Center.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2019 May 1;46(3):318-328. doi: 10.1188/19.ONF.318-328.
To identify groups of participants with high and low levels of stigma and to examine the influence of stigma on social support, social constraints, symptom severity, symptom interference, and quality of life (QOL).
SAMPLE & SETTING: 62 individuals with lung cancer were identified and recruited from a comprehensive cancer center in the southeastern United States.
METHODS & VARIABLES: Participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic information and measures of stigma, symptom severity and interference, social support, social constraints, and QOL. IBM SPSS Statistics TwoStep Cluster Analysis was used to identify high- and low-stigma groups. Independent sample t tests were used to compare differences between the groups.
22 participants had a high level of stigma; they had significantly higher symptom severity on feeling distressed, problems remembering things, and feeling sad, and greater symptom interference related to mood, relations with others, and enjoyment of life. Participants also had significantly higher levels of social support and lower social constraints. Stigma was significantly related to lower levels of QOL.
Nurses should be aware that stigma may influence various factors throughout the disease trajectory; they can privately assess individuals with lung cancer for access to social supports, feelings of stigma, and QOL, and make appropriate referrals as needed.
识别耻辱感水平高和低的参与者群体，并研究耻辱感对社会支持、社会限制、症状严重程度、症状干扰和生活质量（QOL）的影响。
从美国东南部的一家综合癌症中心识别并招募了62名肺癌患者。
参与者完成了一份问卷，其中包括人口统计学信息以及耻辱感、症状严重程度和干扰、社会支持、社会限制和生活质量的测量指标。使用IBM SPSS Statistics两步聚类分析来识别高耻辱感和低耻辱感群体。使用独立样本t检验来比较两组之间的差异。
22名参与者有较高水平的耻辱感；他们在感到苦恼、记忆问题和感到悲伤方面的症状严重程度显著更高，并且在与情绪、与他人关系和生活乐趣相关的症状干扰方面更大。参与者的社会支持水平也显著更高，社会限制更低。耻辱感与较低的生活质量显著相关。
护士应意识到耻辱感可能会在整个疾病过程中影响各种因素；他们可以私下评估肺癌患者获得社会支持的情况、耻辱感和生活质量，并根据需要进行适当的转诊。
