Bauchet Jonathan, Undurraga Eduardo A, Reyes-García Victoria, Behrman Jere R, Godoy Ricardo A
Department of Consumer Science, Purdue University, 812 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, CP 7820436 Santiago, RM, Chile.
World Dev. 2018 May;105:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.021.
Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs to increase primary-school enrollment and attendance among low-income households have been shown to benefit children and households, but to date little is known about who joins such programs. We test three hypotheses about predictors of CCT program participation in indigenous societies in Bolivia, focusing on attributes of the household (ethnicity), parents (modern human capital), and children (age, sex). We model whether children receive a transfer from Bolivia's CCT program (), using data from 811 school-age children and nine ethnic groups. Children from the group least exposed to Westerners (Tsimane') are 18-22 percentage points less likely to participate in the program than children from other lowland ethnic groups. Parental modern human capital and child sex do not predict participation. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying the findings and conclude that the Tsimane's current lower returns to schooling are the most likely explanation.
有条件现金转移支付（CCT）项目旨在提高低收入家庭的小学入学率和出勤率，事实证明该项目对儿童和家庭有益，但迄今为止，对于哪些人会加入此类项目却知之甚少。我们检验了关于玻利维亚土著社会中CCT项目参与预测因素的三个假设，重点关注家庭属性（种族）、父母属性（现代人力资本）和儿童属性（年龄、性别）。我们利用来自811名学龄儿童和九个种族群体的数据，构建了儿童是否从玻利维亚CCT项目获得转移支付的模型（）。与其他低地种族群体的儿童相比，接触西方人最少的群体（齐曼人）的儿童参与该项目的可能性要低18 - 22个百分点。父母的现代人力资本和儿童性别并不能预测参与情况。我们讨论了这些发现背后可能的机制，并得出结论，齐曼人目前较低的教育回报率是最有可能的解释。
