Maduekwe Nnamdi Ifeanyi, Adesina Francis A
National Population Commission, Abuja, Nigeria.
Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Chang. 2022;27(1):10. doi: 10.1007/s11027-021-09987-w. Epub 2021 Dec 27.
Migrant remittances are potentially significant sources of funding for climate change adaptation and resilience building in developing countries. However, very little is understood about the linkages between climate actions and remittances at the household level. It is not clear how remittances can affect households' responses to climate change. This paper presents evidence from analyses of the associations between remittances to households, their climate hazard exposure, and adaptation actors. It uses concurrent data on international remittances receipts, three climate change related hazards (flooding, intense and irregular rainfall), and main adaptation actors (self/family, community, government, and NGOs) from over 600 households in South Eastern Nigeria. The results showed that household incidence of remittances is low (15%) while exposure to climate hazards is higher (flooding: 41.2%, intense rainfall: 47.1%, irregular rainfall: 29.9%). Nominal (contingency coefficient) associations between remittances and household climate hazard exposure and remittances and household adaptation actors were mostly moderate and insignificant. Therefore, households that received remittances and those that did not were not significantly different in terms of their exposure to climate hazard and main actors in climate adaptation. Self/families were the main actors in household climate actions. Governments and NGO actors were less prominent. The results suggest that unregulated remittances have limited impact on household climate hazard exposure and adaptive actions. However, there are indications that the contribution of remittances to financing climate adaptation may be enhanced by addressing issues with cost of remitting and remittee understanding of climate change to increase remittances volumes, incidence, and use.
移民汇款有可能成为发展中国家适应气候变化和建设抗灾能力的重要资金来源。然而，在家庭层面，人们对气候行动与汇款之间的联系了解甚少。目前尚不清楚汇款如何影响家庭对气候变化的应对。本文通过分析家庭汇款、其遭受的气候灾害以及适应行动主体之间的关联，提供了相关证据。它使用了尼日利亚东南部600多个家庭关于国际汇款收入、三种与气候变化相关的灾害（洪水、强降雨和不规则降雨）以及主要适应行动主体（自我/家庭、社区、政府和非政府组织）的同步数据。结果显示，家庭获得汇款的发生率较低（15%），而遭受气候灾害的比例较高（洪水：41.2%，强降雨：47.1%，不规则降雨：29.9%）。汇款与家庭气候灾害暴露以及汇款与家庭适应行动主体之间的名义（列联系数）关联大多为中等程度且不显著。因此，收到汇款的家庭和未收到汇款的家庭在遭受气候灾害和气候适应的主要行动主体方面没有显著差异。自我/家庭是家庭气候行动的主要行动主体。政府和非政府组织的作用不太突出。结果表明，不受监管的汇款对家庭气候灾害暴露和适应性行动的影响有限。然而，有迹象表明，通过解决汇款成本和汇款接收者对气候变化的认识等问题，以增加汇款量、发生率和使用，可以提高汇款对气候适应融资的贡献。
