Fidalgo B, Chilmeran M, Somorin T, Sowale A, Kolios A, Parker A, Williams L, Collins M, McAdam E J, Tyrrel S
School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, MK43 0AL, UK.
Renew Energy. 2019 Mar;132:1177-1184. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.090.
The "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" set by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation aims to bring access to adequate sanitary systems to billions of people. In response to this challenge, on-site sanitation systems are proposed and being developed globally. These systems require in-situ thermal treatment, processes that are not well understood for human faeces (HF). Thermogravimetric analysis has been used to investigate the pyrolysis, gasification and combustion of HF. The results are compared to the thermal behaviour of simulant faeces (SF) and woody biomass (WB), along with the blends of HF and WB. Kinetic analysis was conducted using non-isothermal kinetics model-free methods, and the thermogravimetric data obtained for the combustion of HF, SS and WB. The results show that the devolatilisation of HF requires higher temperatures and rates are slower those of WB. Minimum temperatures of 475 K are required for fuel ignition. HF and SF showed similar thermal behaviour under pyrolysis, but not under combustion conditions. The activation energy for HF is 157.4 kJ/mol, relatively higher than SS and WB. Reaction order for HF is lower (n = 0.4) to WB (n = 0.6). In-situ treatment of HF in on-site sanitary systems can be designed for slow progressive burn.
比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会发起的“重新发明马桶挑战”旨在为数十亿人提供充足的卫生系统。为应对这一挑战，全球正在提议并开发现场卫生系统。这些系统需要进行原位热处理，而人类粪便（HF）的此类处理过程尚不清楚。热重分析已被用于研究HF的热解、气化和燃烧。将结果与模拟粪便（SF）和木质生物质（WB）以及HF与WB的混合物的热行为进行比较。使用非等温无动力学模型方法进行动力学分析，并获得了HF、SS和WB燃烧的热重数据。结果表明，HF的挥发需要更高的温度，且速率比WB慢。燃料点火需要的最低温度为475K。HF和SF在热解下表现出相似的热行为，但在燃烧条件下则不然。HF的活化能为157.4kJ/mol，相对高于SS和WB。HF的反应级数（n = 0.4）低于WB（n = 0.6）。现场卫生系统中HF的原位处理可设计为缓慢渐进燃烧。
