Motesaddi Zarandi Saeed, Shahsavani Abbas, Khodagholi Fariba, Fakhri Yadolah
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
MethodsX. 2019 Mar 28;6:690-703. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.03.018. eCollection 2019.
In the previous studies regarding the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on biological markers and/or behavior of animals, the gaseous pollutants are not separated from the particulate matter (PM). Hence the synergetic effect of gaseous pollutants and PM was not considered. In this regard, current study was aimed to devolve a new method for separation of PM from gaseous pollutants. Also, the effect of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) on the Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in rats after 3 and 6 months were investigated. Three chambers were designed including exposure group 1 (PM plus gaseous pollutants alone), exposure group 2 (gaseous pollutants alone) and control group (clean air). Exposure time was 5 h per day (9.00 a.m.-2.00 p.m.) for 4 days per week. The concentration of PM and gaseous pollutants (O, NO, and SO) were monitored in the exposure hours, continuously. Concentration of PM by beta attenuation method and concentration of O, NO, and SO by UV fluorescence was monitored. Also, the concentration of metals including Al, Cr, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, and Cu and 16-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound PM by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were analyzed, respectively. Cognitive-like behavior related to Alzheimer and depressive behaviors were determined by Y maze and Force swimming. The concentration of PM in the 3 and 6 months exposure was higher than WHO guideline, significantly (p-value <0.05). The concentration of O, NO and SO in the 3 and 6 months exposure was lower than WHO guideline, significantly (p-value <0.05). The order of metals in the PM according to mean concentration Al > Ca > Cu > Cd > Na > Fe > Cr > Ni > Mn > Pb. Also, the sum concentration of 16-PAHs in the PM in the 3 and 6 months exposure was 45.7 ± 37.15 ng/m and 30.04 ± 25.27 ng/m, respectively. Exposure to PM cannot significantly increase Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in the rats. Also, a significant difference between male and female in Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors not observed. •A new method for separation of PM from other PM in the ambient air by ECO-PM sampler was presented.•A new method for separation of PM from gaseous pollutants in the ambient air by HEPA filter and active carbon was presented.•Tow exposure groups including exposure 1: PM plus gaseous pollutants and exposure 2: gaseous pollutants only were designed for increased accuracy of the in-vivo study.•Exposure to PM cannot cause significant increased Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in the rats.
在之前关于暴露于环境空气污染对动物生物标志物和/或行为影响的研究中，气态污染物并未与颗粒物（PM）分离。因此，未考虑气态污染物和PM的协同效应。在这方面，当前研究旨在开发一种从气态污染物中分离PM的新方法。此外，还研究了暴露于细颗粒物（PM）3个月和6个月后对大鼠阿尔茨海默病和抑郁样认知行为的影响。设计了三个舱室，包括暴露组1（仅PM加气态污染物）、暴露组2（仅气态污染物）和对照组（清洁空气）。暴露时间为每天5小时（上午9:00至下午2:00），每周4天。在暴露时间段内持续监测PM和气态污染物（O、NO和SO）的浓度。通过β衰减法监测PM浓度，通过紫外荧光法监测O、NO和SO浓度。此外，还分别通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析了与PM结合的包括Al、Cr、Mn、Pb、Cd、Ni、Fe和Cu在内的金属浓度以及16种多环芳烃（PAHs）。通过Y迷宫和强迫游泳测定与阿尔茨海默病和抑郁行为相关的认知样行为。3个月和6个月暴露时的PM浓度显著高于世界卫生组织指南（p值<0.05）。3个月和6个月暴露时的O、NO和SO浓度显著低于世界卫生组织指南（p值<0.05）。PM中金属按平均浓度排序为Al＞Ca＞Cu＞Cd＞Na＞Fe＞Cr＞Ni＞Mn＞Pb。此外，3个月和6个月暴露时PM中16种PAHs的总浓度分别为45.7±37.15 ng/m和30.04±25.27 ng/m。暴露于PM不会显著增加大鼠的阿尔茨海默病和抑郁样认知行为。此外，未观察到雄性和雌性在阿尔茨海默病和抑郁样认知行为方面的显著差异。
•提出了一种通过ECO-PM采样器从环境空气中的其他颗粒物中分离PM的新方法。
•提出了一种通过高效空气过滤器和活性炭从环境空气中的气态污染物中分离PM的新方法。
•设计了两个暴露组，包括暴露组1：PM加气态污染物和暴露组2：仅气态污染物，以提高体内研究的准确性。
•暴露于PM不会导致大鼠阿尔茨海默病和抑郁样认知行为显著增加。
