Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Geochem Health. 2019 Jun;41(3):1473-1487. doi: 10.1007/s10653-018-0229-2. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
The exposure to heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to particulate matter 2.5 (PM) ambient air can result in some adverse health effect. In the current study, PM ambient air of Tehran metropolitan, Iran, was characterized by the aid of scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray techniques. Also, the human health risk of heavy metals and PAHs bound PM for adults and children was assessed using the Monte Carlo simulation method. According to our findings, a size range of 0.97-2.46 μm with an average diameter of 1.56 μm for PM was noted. The average concentration of PM in ambient air (8.29E+04 ± 2.94E+04 ng m) significantly (p < 0.05) was suppressed the national (2.50E+04 ng m), World Health Organization (2.50E+04 ng m) and Environmental Protection Agency (3.50E+04 ng m) standard limits. The rank order of heavy metals bound PM was determined as Al > Cu > Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni > Fe > Mn. The maximum concentration among 16 PAHs compounds investigated was correlated with Phenanthrene. Considering the principal component analysis, the main source of heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Cr) is vehicle combustion. Moreover, the rank order of exposure pathways based on their health risk was ingestion > inhalation > dermal contact. Moreover, the significant health risks for Tehran residents due to heavy metals bound PM [target hazard quotient > 1; carcinogenic risk > 1.00E-06)] were noted based on the health risk assessment. Excessive carcinogenic risk (ECR) of PAHs bound PM was 4.16E-07 that demonstrated that there is no considerable risk (ECR < 1.00E-06).
暴露于与细颗粒物（PM）大气环境相关的重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）可能会导致一些不良健康影响。在本研究中，使用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线技术对伊朗德黑兰大都市的 PM 大气环境进行了表征。此外，还使用蒙特卡罗模拟方法评估了成人和儿童暴露于与 PM 结合的重金属和 PAHs 的健康风险。根据我们的研究结果，PM 的粒径范围为 0.97-2.46μm，平均直径为 1.56μm。环境空气中 PM 的平均浓度（8.29E+04±2.94E+04ng m）明显（p<0.05）低于国家（2.50E+04ng m）、世界卫生组织（2.50E+04ng m）和美国环保署（3.50E+04ng m）标准限值。与 PM 结合的重金属的顺序为 Al>Cu>Cd>Cr>Pb>Ni>Fe>Mn。在所研究的 16 种 PAHs 化合物中，最大浓度与菲相关。考虑到主成分分析，重金属（Ni、Pb 和 Cr）的主要来源是车辆燃烧。此外，根据健康风险评估，基于其健康风险的暴露途径的顺序为摄入>吸入>皮肤接触。此外，由于与 PM 结合的重金属，德黑兰居民的健康风险显著（目标危害系数>1；致癌风险>1.00E-06）。PAHs 与 PM 结合的致癌风险过高（ECR）为 4.16E-07，表明没有相当大的风险（ECR<1.00E-06）。
