Raza Ahmad, Bashir Saira, Tabassum Romana
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2019 Apr 6;5(4):e01437. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01437. eCollection 2019 Apr.
Poultry is an imperative domesticated livestock species that provides high quality protein and micronutrients as meat and eggs. In poultry production, feed is the single major input constituting 70-75% of total production cost. Feed mainly consists of cereal grains, those provide energy to the birds. However, these grains contain different levels of anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). These NSP are indigestible by poultry birds due to the lack of vital endogenous enzymes (carbohydrases) thus increase intestinal viscosity which slower the migration and absorption of nutrients. Consequently, these NSP may also increase the chances for infection by inducing competition within gut microbiota for digestible nutrients. This affects bird's health and increases the production cost. Therefore, there is a need to find efficient and effective solutions for these problems. Carbohydrases supplementation have an important role in poultry diets with high NSP contents. Feed enzymes are being used from years to enhance growth performance and digestibility but have limited activity for selective ingredients. New generation carbohydrases with a board range of activity and stability help to degrade the complex substrates and improve growth performance of poultry. Present review summarizes the updated literature on the use of carbohydrases to improve bird's performance and intestinal health.
家禽是一种重要的家养牲畜品种，其肉和蛋能提供高质量的蛋白质和微量营养素。在禽肉生产中，饲料是单一的主要投入，占总生产成本的70 - 75%。饲料主要由谷物组成，为家禽提供能量。然而，这些谷物含有不同水平的抗营养因子，如非淀粉多糖（NSP）。由于缺乏重要的内源酶（碳水化合物酶），家禽无法消化这些NSP，从而增加了肠道粘度，减缓了营养物质的迁移和吸收。因此，这些NSP还可能通过引发肠道微生物群对可消化营养物质的竞争而增加感染几率。这会影响家禽健康并增加生产成本。因此，需要找到解决这些问题的有效方案。补充碳水化合物酶在NSP含量高的家禽日粮中具有重要作用。多年来一直在使用饲料酶来提高生长性能和消化率，但对特定成分的活性有限。具有广泛活性和稳定性的新一代碳水化合物酶有助于降解复杂底物并提高家禽的生长性能。本综述总结了关于使用碳水化合物酶改善家禽性能和肠道健康的最新文献。
