Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
PLoS One. 2019 Apr 22;14(4):e0214945. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214945. eCollection 2019.
Sex differences in episodic memory have been reported. We investigate (1) the existence of sex differences in verbal and other episodic memory tasks in 54 countries, and (2) the association between the time- and country-specific social progress indicators (a) female to male ratio in education and labor force participation, (b) population education and employment, and (c) GDP per capita, and magnitude of sex differences in verbal episodic memory tasks. Data were retrieved from 612 studies, published 1973-2013. Results showed that females outperformed (Cohen's d > 0) males in verbal (42 out of 45 countries) and other (28 out of 45 countries) episodic memory tasks. Although all three social progress indicators were, separately, positively associated with the female advantage in verbal episodic memory performance, only population education and employment remained significant when considering the social indicators together. Results suggest that women's verbal episodic memory performance benefits more than men's from education and employment.
已经有研究报道称，在情景记忆方面存在性别差异。我们调查了以下两点：（1）在 54 个国家中，情景记忆任务中是否存在言语记忆和其他记忆的性别差异；（2）时间和国家特定的社会进步指标（a）教育和劳动力参与中女性与男性的比例、（b）人口教育和就业、以及（c）人均国内生产总值与言语情景记忆任务中性别差异程度之间的关联性。数据来源于 1973 年至 2013 年期间发表的 612 项研究。结果表明，在言语（45 个国家中的 42 个）和其他（45 个国家中的 28 个）情景记忆任务中，女性的表现优于男性（Cohen's d＞0）。尽管所有三个社会进步指标都与言语情景记忆表现中女性的优势呈正相关，但当同时考虑这些社会指标时，只有人口教育和就业仍然具有显著意义。研究结果表明，女性的言语情景记忆表现比男性更受益于教育和就业。
