1 Department of Oral Biology, Center for Oral Biology Research, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA.
J Dent Res. 2019 Jul;98(7):739-745. doi: 10.1177/0022034519845001. Epub 2019 Apr 22.
The oral cavity contains a rich consortium of exopolysaccharide-producing microbes. These extracellular polysaccharides comprise a major component of the oral biofilm. Together with extracellular proteins, DNA, and lipids, they form the biofilm matrix, which contributes to bacterial colonization, biofilm formation and maintenance, and pathogenesis. While a number of oral microbes have been studied in detail with regard to biofilm formation and pathogenesis, the exopolysaccharides have been well characterized for only select organisms, namely and . Studies on the exopolysaccharides of other oral organisms, however, are in their infancy. In this review, we present the current research on exopolysaccharides of oral microbes regarding their biosynthesis, regulation, contributions to biofilm formation and stability of the matrix, and immune evasion. In addition, insight into the role of exopolysaccharides in biofilms is highlighted through the evaluation of emerging techniques such as pH probing of biofilm colonies, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance for macromolecular interactions within biofilms, and super-resolution microscopy analysis of biofilm development. Finally, exopolysaccharide as a potential nutrient source for species within a biofilm is discussed.
口腔中含有丰富的产胞外多糖的微生物共生体。这些胞外多糖是口腔生物膜的主要组成部分。它们与胞外蛋白质、DNA 和脂质一起构成生物膜基质，有助于细菌定植、生物膜形成和维持以及发病机制。虽然已经有许多口腔微生物在生物膜形成和发病机制方面进行了详细研究，但只有少数几种生物体的胞外多糖得到了很好的表征，即 和 。然而，对于其他口腔生物体的胞外多糖的研究还处于起步阶段。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了口腔微生物胞外多糖的最新研究进展，包括它们的生物合成、调控、对生物膜形成和基质稳定性的贡献以及免疫逃逸。此外，通过评估生物膜菌落的 pH 探测、生物膜内大分子相互作用的固态核磁共振以及生物膜发育的超分辨率显微镜分析等新兴技术，突出了胞外多糖在生物膜中的作用。最后，还讨论了胞外多糖作为生物膜内物种的潜在营养源的问题。
