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1985年美国工人所感知到的职业健康与安全风险及潜在健康后果

Occupational health and safety risks and potential health consequences perceived by U.S. workers, 1985.

作者信息

Shilling S, Brackbill R M

出版信息

Public Health Rep. 1987 Jan-Feb;102(1):36-46.

Abstract

Data from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Questionnaire, part of the 1985 National Health Interview Survey, were used to report workers' perceptions of occupational risk in their present jobs. This information will be used to monitor progress between 1985 and 1990 toward achieving broad goals in health promotion and disease prevention. The proportions of currently employed persons who perceived exposure to health-endangering substances, work conditions, or risks of injuries were reported for age, race, sex, and occupation groups. Occupational groups were further characterized by the proportion of men and women who reported specific exposures (such as exposure to chemicals or to loud noise) and specific health consequences of exposure (such as risk of developing cancer or hearing impairment). Greater proportions of men than women reported perceived risk from exposure to health-endangering substances, work conditions, and injuries in their present job. Also, a greater proportion of workers perceived risk of injury in their present job than other occupational risk categories. The greatest proportions of perceived exposure to occupational risk were reported by farm operators and managers, police and firefighters, and by workers in forestry and fishing occupations. Among workers reporting perceived exposures, chemicals, noise, and risk of injuries from vehicles were cited by the greatest proportion of workers, as were such health consequences as lung and respiratory problems and hearing impairment. Data from this study may be used to target employment groups for health promotion or education and to develop indepth studies of specific occupational groups to reduce or prevent risk at the worksite.

摘要

1985年全国健康访谈调查的一部分——健康促进与疾病预防调查问卷的数据,被用于报告工人对其当前工作中职业风险的认知情况。这些信息将用于监测1985年至1990年期间在实现健康促进和疾病预防广泛目标方面的进展。报告了按年龄、种族、性别和职业分组的当前就业人员中,认为接触危害健康物质、工作条件或受伤风险的比例。职业群体还进一步按报告特定接触情况(如接触化学物质或噪音)和接触的特定健康后果(如患癌症或听力受损的风险)的男性和女性比例来描述。报告称,目前工作中接触危害健康物质、工作条件和受伤风险的男性比例高于女性。此外,与其他职业风险类别相比,更多的工人认为他们目前的工作存在受伤风险。报告称,农场经营者和管理者、警察和消防员以及林业和渔业职业的工人中,认为接触职业风险的比例最高。在报告有接触风险的工人中,最大比例的工人提到了化学物质、噪音以及车辆造成的受伤风险,还有肺部和呼吸问题以及听力受损等健康后果。本研究的数据可用于确定健康促进或教育的就业群体目标,并针对特定职业群体开展深入研究,以降低或预防工作场所的风险。

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