ADHD Medication in the Longer Term.

This review starts from the finding that there is strong persistence of ADHD problems into adult life, despite the availability of effective treatment with stimulants and other drugs. Short-term trials in adults reveal that those drugs can still be efficacious in adults. Pharmacoepidemiology studies, on the other hand, clearly show that most young people discontinue medication during adolescence. Neuropharmacology research suggests a waning of stimulant effects after a few years. Longitudinal studies are scarce but provide some evidence that prognosis is often determined by factors other than the core symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsive overactivity. The implications for clinical practice are discussed. Continuing care, especially during the follow-up after initial therapy, needs further development.