Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak Univ., Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand.
Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Univ. of Chittagong, Chittagong, 80280, Bangladesh.
J Food Sci. 2019 May;84(5):1208-1215. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14511. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
Type II diabetes (T2D) nephropathy, a major cause of end-stage kidney disease, progresses and develops from oxidative stress. Natural polyphenols can protect the kidney from diabetic nephropathy exerting antioxidant activities. The present approach enumerates the reno-protective and anti-apoptotic effects of mangosteen vinegar rind (MVR, a phenolic aqueous extract) against high-fat diet (5 g/day up to five weeks)-/streptozotocin (single ip, dose 30 mg/kgBW)-induced T2D nephropathy of albino mice. In vitro total phenolic content, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant capacity, and α-amylase inhibition activity as antidiabetic assay of MVR were performed. In vivo mice body weight, oral glucose, and maltose tolerance test, metabolic parameters (plasma glucose, insulin level, omeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance), biochemical parameters (kidney hypertrophy, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine), oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase) were estimated in an intervention study. Additionally, renal morphology and early apoptosis were observed following the H & E staining and TUNEL assay of the tissue frozen section. We found that the aqueous extract of MVR possesses potent in vitro antioxidative and antidiabetic activities. Animal intervention results showed that MVR 100, 200 mg/kgBW, and Glibenclamide 60 mg/kgBW treatments significantly improved (P < 0.05) the abovementioned parameters compared to the diabetic control group. Furthermore, treatments also significantly restored (P < 0.05) kidney histological alterations and reduced cellular apoptosis compared to the diabetic control group. These findings concluded that MVR treatments significantly modulated the glucose intolerance, metabolic alterations, and oxidative stress-induced pathological alterations and cellular apoptosis of diabetic kidney. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Garcinia mangostana, a polyphenol rich natural product, is obtained from the tropical rain forest area of Southeast Asian countries and processes diverse biological activities including antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and so on. This research first time focuses on the nephro-protective and anti-apoptotic effects of mangosteen vinegar rind (MVR) from the mangosteen fruit pericarp. Our study provides the efficient data to prove the beneficial effect of MVR as a dietary supplement for the prevention and management of diabetic nephropathy.
2 型糖尿病（T2D）肾病是终末期肾病的主要病因，它由氧化应激引起，并逐渐发展。天然多酚可以通过发挥抗氧化活性来保护肾脏免受糖尿病肾病的侵害。本研究列举了用山竹果皮（MVR，一种酚类水性提取物）对高脂肪饮食（每天 5g，持续五周）/链脲佐菌素（单次腹腔注射，剂量 30mg/kgBW）诱导的白化小鼠 T2D 肾病的肾保护和抗细胞凋亡作用。体外总酚含量、2,2'-偶氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）活性、2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）抗氧化能力和α-淀粉酶抑制活性作为 MVR 的抗糖尿病测定进行。在体内，对小鼠体重、口服葡萄糖和麦芽糖耐量试验、代谢参数（血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素水平、稳态模型评估-估计胰岛素抵抗）、生化参数（肾脏肥大、血尿素氮、肌酐）、氧化应激参数（丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶）进行了估计。在干预研究中，还观察了组织冷冻切片的 H&E 染色和 TUNEL 分析后的肾脏形态和早期细胞凋亡。我们发现，MVR 的水性提取物具有很强的体外抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性。动物干预结果表明，与糖尿病对照组相比，MVR 100、200mg/kgBW 和格列本脲 60mg/kgBW 治疗显著改善了上述参数（P<0.05）。此外，与糖尿病对照组相比，治疗还显著恢复了（P<0.05）肾脏组织学改变并减少了细胞凋亡。这些结果表明，MVR 治疗显著调节了糖尿病肾脏的葡萄糖不耐受、代谢改变和氧化应激诱导的病理改变和细胞凋亡。实际应用：藤黄果是一种富含多酚的天然产物，来自东南亚热带雨林地区，具有多种生物活性，包括抗氧化、抗增殖、抗炎、抗癌等。本研究首次关注山竹果皮（MVR）对肾脏的保护作用和抗细胞凋亡作用。我们的研究为 MVR 作为膳食补充剂预防和管理糖尿病肾病提供了有效的数据支持。
