Moraes Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte, da Silva Marina Xavier, Magalhães-Matos Paulo Cesar, de Albuquerque Ana Cláudia Alexandre, Tebaldi José Hairton, Mathias Luis Antônio, Lux Hoppe Estevam G
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Campus Jaboticabal, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane km 05, CEP:14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, BR 469, km 22,5, CEP: 85570-970 Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2017 May;8:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
Iguaçu National Park, which contains the largest remnant of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil and Iguaçu Falls as one of its main visiting points, is a year-round attraction for thousands of domestic and international tourists. Ring-tailed coatis are generalist, opportunistic carnivores that benefit from human association. These animals are the most abundant carnivores in this park, where they come into close contact with tourists and the resident population around the park. Moreover, as the park is surrounded by human dwellings, free roaming domestic dogs are frequently present, favoring the exchange of pathogens with wild animals. Wild carnivores are known to be infected with several pathogens, from viruses to arthropods, some of them passed on by domestic carnivores. Among the nematodes that infect wild carnivores, those of the Onchocercidae family are of concern due to their zoonotic potential. The objective of this research was to assess the prevalence of filarial nematodes in coatis and dogs in Iguaçu National Park, as well as the potential impact of infection on host health and body condition. To this end, 75 coatis and 50 adult dogs were captured in the aforementioned area. Seven species of filarioids, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema reconditum, Brugia sp., Mansonella sp. and two undetermined species, confirmed by histochemical tests, were diagnosed in the area. Knott's concentration test in coatis and dogs showed a prevalence of 81.6% and 16.0%, respectively. Seven microfilarial morphotypes were diagnosed in the coatis and two morphotypes were found in the dogs. A specific immunoassay test for Dirofilaria immitis revealed the presence of D. immitis infection in 1.33% of the coatis and 22% of the domestic dogs. The parasitic infection had negligible effects on the body condition of both dog and coati hosts, but an increase was found in eosinophil counts in coatis with filarial infection, as well as decreases in hematocrit and hemoglobin in the infected domestic dogs. These findings represent new locality and host records for all the filarioids diagnosed in the area of this study, with some of the diagnosed parasites, given their zoonotic potential, representing a health risk for park visitors and the local population.
伊瓜苏国家公园拥有巴西南部大西洋森林的最大残余部分，伊瓜苏瀑布是其主要游览景点之一，全年吸引着成千上万的国内外游客。环尾獴是适应性强、机会主义的食肉动物，与人类的接触使其受益。这些动物是该公园中数量最多的食肉动物，它们与游客以及公园周边的居民密切接触。此外，由于公园被人类住所环绕，经常有自由放养的家犬出现，这有利于病原体在野生动物之间传播。已知野生食肉动物会感染多种病原体，从病毒到节肢动物，其中一些是由家养食肉动物传播的。在感染野生食肉动物的线虫中，盘尾丝虫科的线虫因其具有人畜共患病的潜力而备受关注。本研究的目的是评估伊瓜苏国家公园中獴和犬体内丝虫线虫的感染率，以及感染对宿主健康和身体状况的潜在影响。为此，在上述区域捕获了75只獴和50只成年犬。通过组织化学测试确诊，该区域存在七种丝状线虫，即犬恶丝虫、匐行恶丝虫、隐匿棘唇线虫、布鲁格丝虫属、曼氏丝虫属以及两种未确定的种类。对獴和犬进行的Knott浓缩试验显示，感染率分别为81.6%和16.0%。在獴中诊断出七种微丝蚴形态类型，在犬中发现两种形态类型。针对犬恶丝虫的特异性免疫分析测试显示，1.33%的獴和22%的家犬感染了犬恶丝虫。寄生虫感染对犬和獴宿主的身体状况影响可忽略不计，但发现感染丝状线虫的獴嗜酸性粒细胞计数增加，感染的家犬血细胞比容和血红蛋白降低。这些发现代表了本研究区域内所有确诊丝状线虫的新分布地和宿主记录，鉴于某些确诊寄生虫具有人畜共患病的潜力，它们对公园游客和当地居民构成健康风险。
